The Effects of Psychosocial Stress on Urinary, Excretion of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in 51- to 55- and, 71- to 74-Year-Old Men

Faucheux, Baptiste; Bourlière, F; Baulon, A.; Dupuis, C.

doi:10.1159/000212491

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In a comparison of 51-to 55-and 71-to 74-year-old men. Fauchex et al [1981] reported that psychosocial stress was attended by similar percentage increases in urinary EPI levels in subjects of the two ages but there was a slower return to pre stress values in the older group. In another clinical study, Roizen et al [1984] observed that human subjects greater than 75 years old required longer to respond to stressors com pared to younger individuals.…”

Section: Stressormentioning

confidence: 94%

Age-Related Alterations in Sympathetic-Adrenal Medullary Responses to Stress

McCarty¹

1986

Gerontology

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In mammals, aging is often viewed as a progressive decline in physiological competence with a corresponding inability to adapt to stressful stimulation. Several current theories of aging have implicated the sympathetic nervous system in many of the metabolic, cardiovascular and behavioral changes which attend advancing age. To provide an empirical base for evaluating the role of the sympathetic nervous system in aging, I have studied the activity of the sympathetic nerves and the adrenal medulla of adult and aged Fischer 344 male rats before, during and after exposure to various stressful stimuli. Plasma levels of norepi-nephrine and epinephrine served as biochemical indices of the activity of the sympathetic nerves and the adrenal medulla, respectively. Under resting conditions, rats 4–24 months of age had similar plasma levels of both catecholamines. When stressed for a brief period of time (intermittent footshock for 1 min), 12- and 24-month-old rats exhibited a diminished sympathetic-adrenal medullary response compared to young adult rats (4 months old). With an increase in the intensity and duration of the stressor (cold water immersion for 10 min), the sympathetic-adrenal medullary responses of 6- and 22-month-old rats were comparable. However, the sympathetic nervous system remained in a heightened state of activity for a longer period of time following the stressful stimulus in aged rats. Finally, with prolonged exposure to an intense stressor (cellular glucoprivation following administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose), 24-month-old rats exhibited an exaggerated adrenal medullary response and a greater mortality rate compared to 6-month-old rats. These findings suggest that homeostatic regulation of the sympathetic nervous system is impaired in aged rodents. Further, the nature of this impairment is dependent upon the intensity and duration of the activating stimulus. These apparent age-related alterations in regulation of the sympathetic nervous system may contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality of aged animals during prolonged exposure to stressful stimulation.

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Section: Stressormentioning

confidence: 94%

Age-Related Alterations in Sympathetic-Adrenal Medullary Responses to Stress

McCarty¹

1986

Gerontology

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“…Indeed, older rats exposed to cold stress do not adapt as well, generating SNS-adrenal-medullary arousal more slowly and less intensely than younger animals, but arousal decline is slower than in younger animals (McCarty, 1985). In comparable research, in contrast with younger men, older men showed all of these differences (Faucheau, Bourliere, Baulon, & Dupuis, 1981). Last, as predicted, older rats have higher pituitary-adrenal-cortical base rates and higher adrenalcortical reactivity to stressors (Meaney et al, 1987).…”

Section: Timing Of Arousalmentioning

confidence: 96%

Arousal and physiological toughness: Implications for mental and physical health.

Dienstbier

1989

Psychological Review

797

585

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From W. B. Cannon's identification of adrenaline with "ftght or flight" to modern views of stress, negative views of peripheral physiological arousal predominate. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) arousal is associated with anxiety, neuroticism, the Type A personality, cardiovascular disease, and immune system suppression; illness susceptibility is associated with life events requiring adjustments. "Stress control" has become almost synonymous with arousal reduction. A contrary positive view of peripheral arousal follows from studies of subjects exposed to intermittent stressors. Such exposure leads to low SNS arousal base rates, but to strong and responsive challenge-or stressinduced SNS-adrenal-medullary arousal, with resistance to brain catecholamine depletion and with suppression of pituitary adrenal-cortical responses. That pattern of arousal defines physiological toughness and, in interaction with psychological coping, corresponds with positive performance in even complex tasks, with emotional stability, and with immune system enhancement. The toughness concept suggests an opposition between effective short-and long-term coping, with implications for effective therapies and stress-inoculating life-styles.Confrontations with stressors and challenges evoke central and peripheral physiological arousal. Characterizations of that peripheral arousal traditionally have been negative, but some modern views are more positive. After providing some definitions, I discuss the apparent contradictions between literatures whose basis is an assumption of the harmfulness of peripheral physiological arousal and those whose basis is not. DefinitionsAccording to Folkman and Lazarus (1985), the term stress implies "a relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as relevant to his or her well-being and in which the person's resources are taxed or exceeded" (p. 152). As components of stress, Folkman and Lazarus described threat as "potential for harm or loss," challenge as "potential for growth," and harm-loss as "injury already done" (p. 152). However, because I often emphasize the differences between challenge, on the one hand, and threat and loss, on the other, I use the term challenge separately, using stress to capture only the components of the concept associated with threat and harm/loss.

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“…Faucheux et al [155]compared 24 middle-aged men (mean age 52.9 years) and 24 elderly men (mean age 72.3 years) with respect to their urinary catecholamine response to a battery of performance tests. The battery lasted 60 min and comprised Benton’s visual retention test, Rey’s 15-word retention test, Clement’s digit symbol test and Stroop’s color-word conflict test.…”

Section: Factors Modulating Psychoendocrine Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epinephrine excretion increased significantly from baseline in both groups during stress and remained significantly higher during the recovery period than during the baseline period in the older group. Norepinephrine excretion increased significantly under stress only in the older group [155]. …”

Section: Factors Modulating Psychoendocrine Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Stress and Neuroendocrine Function in Humans: The Last Two Decades of Research

Biondi

Picardi

1999

Psychother Psychosom

312

175

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This paper reviews experimental contributions published in the last two decades and exploring the effect of emotional stress on neuroendocrine function in healthy humans. Laboratory studies allow standardization of the stressor and better control for known confounding factors. Commonly used stressors are mental arithmetics, speech tasks, the Stroop test, videogame playing, films or videotapes and interviews. Little is known about the generalizability of laboratory results, with some studies suggesting great caution in extrapolating data to real-life stress conditions. Another strategy is studying the psychoendocrine reaction to real-life stressors, such as bereavement or anticipated loss, academic examinations, everyday work and parachute jumping. The effects of different stressors on neuroendocrine axes are reviewed, as well as the influence of gender, age, personality, coping style, social support, biological and nonbiological interventions. The subjective perception of the situation is probably a main determinant of the psychoendocrine response pattern. In fact, marked variability in individual responses to a variety of stressors has frequently been observed. Evidently, the ‘objective’ characteristics of a given event are not the only determinants of reaction to the event itself. According to a constructivistic perspective, every given stressor has a strictly personal and idiosyncratic meaning and loses its ‘objective’ characteristics. Of course, biological factors may also play a part. In any case, it is mandatory to overcome a rigid dichotomy between psychological and biological processes. Dualistic conceptions which imply a determination of the physical by the psychological or vice versa should give place to a systemic conception, which implies mutual, circular interactions.

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The Effects of Psychosocial Stress on Urinary, Excretion of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in 51- to 55- and, 71- to 74-Year-Old Men

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Age-Related Alterations in Sympathetic-Adrenal Medullary Responses to Stress

Age-Related Alterations in Sympathetic-Adrenal Medullary Responses to Stress

Arousal and physiological toughness: Implications for mental and physical health.

Psychological Stress and Neuroendocrine Function in Humans: The Last Two Decades of Research

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