The Effects of Prostaglandins on Gastric Emptying

Penston, J. G.; Wormsley, K. G.

doi:10.3109/00365528909091200

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In contrast, another PGE 1 derivative (rioprostil) enhances human liquid GE [12]. Usually, the effects of prostaglandins on gut motility vary with their chemical struc- Chang/Chen/Lee/Doong/Wang tures, doses, routes of administration, the regions of gut, and the species studied [7,13]. Our study, however, illustrated that the route of administration appears less important in misoprostol-mediated GE.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

“…Another study [6] points out that enprostil has no effect on liquid-nutrient-meal emptying, while postprandial release of several gut peptides including gastric inhibitory polypeptide or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is altered. It is concluded that prostaglandins have no pharmacological effect on solid GE, whereas their effects on liquid GE are actually enhanced [7]. We have already developed a GIP kit [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Misoprostol-Inhibited Rat Gastric Emptying Is Independent of Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Release

Chang

Chen²,

Lee³

et al. 1999

Pharmacology

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We studied the effects of orally or intraperitoneally administrated misoprostol on rat gastric emptying and looked what was the role of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in this emptying. The rats initially received oral misoprostol at doses of 1, 10, 50, and 100 μg/kg. Another group of rats received misoprostol intraperitonally at doses of 10, 50, 250, and 500 μg/kg. Using an oral radiochromium motility marker, the liquid gastric emptying was measurement 30 min after misoprostol treatment. The plasma GIP levels were measured by a home-made radioimmunoassay kit. Oral treatments at the doses of 1 and 10 μg/kg did not influence emptying, whereas other doses delayed emptying (p < 0.01). Except the 10- μg/kg injection, other doses exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition in emptying (p < 0.01). Neither oral feeding nor intraperitoneal injection changed plasma GIP levels. We conclude that liquid gastric emptying is disturbed after various routes of misoprostol treatment; GIP appears less important in the misoprostol-mediated gastric emptying.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misoprostol-Inhibited Rat Gastric Emptying Is Independent of Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Release

Chang

Chen²,

Lee³

et al. 1999

Pharmacology

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“…[223,224] Misoprostol appears to have no effect on gastric emptying,l223] but increases small bowel transit. [225] Further studies are required to define the clinical relevance of these changes.…”

Section: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Prostaglandinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Gastrointestinal Motor Disorders

Hebbard

Sun

Bochner

et al. 1995

Clinical Pharmacokinetics

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Although it has been recognised that alterations in gastrointestinal motility, whether induced by physiological or pathological processes, have significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs, this subject has received inappropriately little attention. Studies relating to this topic have focused on healthy volunteers and animals and have largely been confined to the effects of single drug doses. There is limited information about the effects of disease on pharmacokinetics under steady-state conditions. Changes in gastrointestinal motility may affect the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs by altering the rate of delivery, bioavailability or mucosal absorption of the drug. In general the rate of absorption and time taken to achieve maximal plasma concentrations for well absorbed drugs may be modified by changes in gastrointestinal motility, but overall bioavailability is not usually affected. In these cases the therapeutic and clinical effects of the alteration in pharmacokinetics will, therefore, depend on which parameters are important for the action of the drug. For poorly absorbed drugs both the rate of absorption and bioavailability are likely to be altered by changes in gastrointestinal motility. However, the complex effects of food and disease, as well as the properties and formulation of any drug (solubility, ease of dispersion, delayed release formulation) often make the prediction of the magnitude, or even the direction, of any effect difficult to predict. Drugs with direct effects on gastrointestinal motility may influence their own patterns of absorption. In patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders, drugs administered in a controlled release formulation, or those with poor bioavailability, are most likely to have a poorly predictable therapeutic effect. Care should be taken to ensure that the formulation of the drug, its timing of administration in relation to meals and the use of coadministered drugs optimise, or at least ensure consistent absorption.

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“…In vitro studies point out that administered PGE relaxes isolated circular muscle strips, whereas the contractile force in longitudinal muscle strips is exaggerated 19–21 . Both endogenous and administered prostaglandins have the ability to release acetylcholine from the nerve terminals of cholinergic neurons in the myenteric plexus 22,23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%