The Effects of Propolis on Biochemical Parameters and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Broilers Exposed to Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effects of vitamin C and propolis-supplemented feeds on some blood parameters, lipid peroxidation, and activities of some antioxidant enzymes in broilers exposed to oxidative stress. 360 three-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly divided into four treatment groups each containing 90 animals, including six replicate groups for each treatment. The experimental groups were designated for a 3-42 days period as follows: no supplement to basal ration (Control-Group I); supplement of 500 ppm vitamin C and 200 ppm lead (as lead acetate) to basal ration (Group II); supplement of 1 g/kg propolis and 200 ppm lead (as lead acetate) to basal ration (Group III); and supplement of 200 ppm lead (as lead acetate) to basal ration (Group IV). The highest TG level (86.83 mg/dl) was observed in the lead supplemented group; however, the lowest aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) level (90.71 IU/L) was observed in the control group (p<0.05). The addition of lead increased the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level (p<0.01) compared to other treatments. However, the addition of vitamin C and propolis decreased the plasma MDA level close to control levels. The highest erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in the lead addition group (p<0.01) while no significant differences were observed for SOD activities of the control, vitamin C +lead, and propolis+lead groups. The plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) activity of the control (2.30 μmol/ml) was significantly lower than the lead administered group (6.20 μmol/ml) (p<0.01); while this parameter was determined to be similar to other groups. No significant differences were observed between groups for liver GSH activity, but heart GSH activity of the control was significantly higher in comparison to other treatments (p<0.05). To obtain similar antioxidant effects, it is recommend that using propolis (1 g/kg) and vitamin C (500 mg/kg) supplementation in broiler diets may overcome the adverse effects of oxidative stress originating from dietary lead.

Effect of Saudi Propolis on Hepatitis Male Rats

“…As a result of Seven et al [36], the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH increased depending on the cellular defense mechanisms under oxidative stress in accordance with the increased MDA level. Vitamin C (500 mg/kg diet) and propolis (1 g/kg diet) decreased the SOD activity and have shown a tendency to reduce CAT and GSH levels.…”

“…Both of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase resides in large quantities in the liver, but when the liver is diseased the liver functions differ and disorder occurs in the manufacture of these enzymes that changes the permeability of the liver membrane, which leads to the release of these enzymes to the plasma of the infected liver cells [35,36].…”

Effects of dietary propolis and vitamin E on growth performance and antioxidant status in blood of juvenile Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei: Salmoniformes) under different flow rates

“…There follows a consequent loss of cellular homeostasis and membrane integrity, which subsequently leads to cellular degradation and death. Antioxidant matters added to diet in order to support the protective activity of the antioxidant defense systems have a vital role (SEVEN et al 2010). It is known that vitamin E show antioxidant characteristics to the oxidants in the cell membrane and another compound in the structure of propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), blocks the production of reactive oxygen types (SEVEN et al 2010, HOSNUTER et al 2004.…”

“…Antioxidant matters added to diet in order to support the protective activity of the antioxidant defense systems have a vital role (SEVEN et al 2010). It is known that vitamin E show antioxidant characteristics to the oxidants in the cell membrane and another compound in the structure of propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), blocks the production of reactive oxygen types (SEVEN et al 2010, HOSNUTER et al 2004. Vitamin E (␣-tocopherol) function as biological antioxidants to protect cellular macromolecules (DNA, protein, lipids) and other antioxidant molecules from uncontrolled oxidation by free radicals during normal metabolism or under the conditions of oxidative challenge such as infection, stress, and pollution (HUANG & HUANG 2004, RUFF et al 2002.…”

“…On the other hand, some nonenzymatic antioxidants are micronutrients which derive directly from the diet, while others must be appropriately supplied in order to maintain the necessary concentrations in the body (HIDALGO et al 2002, SEVEN et al 2010. Antioxidant vitamins (mainly A, C and E vitamins) Effects of dietary propolis and vitamin E on growth performance and antioxidant status in blood of juvenile Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei: Salmoniformes) under different flow rates ZOOLOGIA 29 (2): 99-108, April, 2012 also directly scavenge ROS and upregulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes.…”