The effects of prolonged handling, scopolamine, and physostigmine on the activity of isolated and socially reared rats

Morley, Barbara J.; Worsham, Elizabeth

doi:10.3758/bf03326698

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The same results have been replicated in animal experiments. Even a brief duration (e.g., 24 h) of isolation in adolescent rodents can cause increased anxiety [ 42 ], hyperactivity [ 43 ], and heightened sensitivity to social rewards [ 44 ], which extends to the seeking of food or drug rewards, making these animals particularly prone to developing addictions [ 45 ]. Specially, when rodent adolescent isolation occurs chronically, over 1 week or longer, it has even more profound effects [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between screen time, physical activity, and depressive symptoms during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak among Chinese college students

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2021

Environ Health Prev Med

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Background The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerges in China, which spreads rapidly and becomes a public health emergency of international concern. Chinese government has promptly taken quarantine measures to block the transmission of the COVID-19, which may cause deleterious consequences on everyone’s behaviors and psychological health. Few studies have examined the associations between behavioral and mental health in different endemic areas. This study aimed to describe screen time (ST), physical activity (PA), and depressive symptoms, as well as their associations among Chinese college students according to different epidemic areas. Methods The study design is cross-sectional using online survey, from 4 to 12 February 2020, 14,789 college students accomplished this online study, participants who did not complete the questionnaire were excluded, and finally this study included 11,787 college students from China. Results The average age of participants was 20.51 ± 1.88 years. 57.1% of the college students were male. In total, 25.9% of college students reported depression symptoms. ST > 4 h/day was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.48, 95%CI 0.37–0.59). COVID-19ST > 1 h/day was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.54, 95%CI 0.43–0.65), compared with COVID-19ST ≤ 0.5 h/day. Compared with PA ≥ 3 day/week, PA < 3 day/week was positively associated with depression symptoms (β = 0.01, 95%CI 0.008–0.012). Compared with low ST and high PA, there was an interaction association between high ST and low PA on depression (β = 0.31, 95%CI 0.26–0.36). Compared with low COVID-19ST and high PA, there was an interaction association between high COVID-19ST and low PA on depression (β = 0.37, 95%CI 0.32–0.43). There were also current residence areas differences. Conclusions Our findings identified that high ST or low PA was positively associated with depressive symptoms independently, and there was also an interactive effect between ST and PA on depressive symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between screen time, physical activity, and depressive symptoms during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak among Chinese college students

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2021

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Although the negative effects of social isolation in very early development are mainly linked to a lack of maternal care, 33,36 it is specifically interaction with peers that is important for adolescent animals. 39 On a behavioural level, even a brief duration (eg, 24 h) of isolation in adolescent rodents can cause increased anxiety, 40 hyperactivity, 41 and heightened sensitivity to social rewards, 42 which extends to the seeking of food or drug rewards, making these animals particularly prone to developing addictions. 43 Although reintro ducing acutely isolated animals to social contact can alleviate some of the negative effects of short-term isolation, such as anxiety, 40 there are long-lasting negative consequences that are not easily remedied.…”

Section: Behavioural Effects Of Social Deprivation In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health

Orben

Tomova

Blakemore

2020

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

796

611

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Adolescence (the stage between 10 and 24 years) is a period of life characterised by heightened sensitivity to social stimuli and the increased need for peer interaction. The physical distancing measures mandated globally to contain the spread of COVID-19 are radically reducing adolescents' opportunities to engage in face-to-face social contact outside their household. In this interdisciplinary Viewpoint, we describe literature from a variety of domains that highlight how social deprivation in adolescence might have far-reaching consequences. Human studies have shown the importance of peer acceptance and peer influence in adolescence. Animal research has shown that social deprivation and isolation have unique effects on brain and behaviour in adolescence compared with other stages of life. However, the decrease in adolescent face-to-face contact might be less detrimental due to widespread access to digital forms of social interaction through technologies such as social media. The findings reviewed highlight how physical distancing might have a disproportionate effect on an age group for whom peer interaction is a vital aspect of development.

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“…These include changes in various spontaneous behaviours, for example, enhanced locomotor activity (Morgan 1973;Weinstock and Speiser 1973;Morley and Worsham 1978;Jones et al 1990;Phillips et al 1994), and ambivalence to novelty, where isolation is associated with an increased tendency to explore (Sahakian et al 1977) and enhanced timidity (Einon and Tye, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social interaction: responses to chlordiazepoxide and the loss of isolation-reared effects with paired-housing

Vale

Montgomery

1997

Psychopharmacology

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This study investigated the action of chlordiazepoxide (CDP), on the social interaction (SI) of adult rats maintained in one of three housing conditions: (i) group-reared, (ii) isolated from weaning or (iii) paired during adulthood after initial isolation at weaning (pair-housed former isolates; PHFIs). Group-reared rats and PHFIs rats were housed in pairs starting 21 days prior to the first experiment. For these two groups, CDP (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) increased SI in unfamiliar, but not familiar (cagemate) pairings. In rats isolated throughout, SI was markedly increased and this was unaffected by CDP. Isolated rats also exhibited increased motor activity (MA) during SI tests, and the MA of both isolates and PHFIs was reduced by CDP. Finally, levels of aggression were very low except in isolates, where a relatively modest increase in aggression was reversed by either pairing or CDP. To summarise, isolation-induced increases in SI and aggression were reversed by pairing, but pairing only attenuated isolation-induced increases in MA. Although CDP reduced the elevated aggression and MA of isolated rats, it had no effect on their elevated SI scores. These data question the permanence of anxiety-related, isolation-induced behavioural changes and stand in contrast to the irreversible anxiogenic profile reported for isolation-reared rats in the elevated X-test.

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The effects of prolonged handling, scopolamine, and physostigmine on the activity of isolated and socially reared rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Associations between screen time, physical activity, and depressive symptoms during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak among Chinese college students

Associations between screen time, physical activity, and depressive symptoms during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak among Chinese college students

The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health

Social interaction: responses to chlordiazepoxide and the loss of isolation-reared effects with paired-housing

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