The effects of probiotics on barrier function and mucosal pouch microbiota during maintenance treatment for severe pouchitis in patients with ulcerative colitis

Persborn, Mats; Gerritsen, J.; Wallon, Conny; Carlsson, Anders H.; Akkermans, L.M.A.; Söderholm, Johan D.

doi:10.1111/apt.12451

Cited by 72 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Gionchetti et al also showed that VSL#3 for one year beginning within one week of ileostomy closure decreased onset of pouchitis from 40% in the placebo group to 10% in the treated group [83]. Unfortunately, other agents have not been studied extensively, so it is unclear if these results are unique to VSL#3, although a different probiotic mixture, Ecologic 825, appeared to improve mucosal barrier function as measured by ex vivo bacterial translocation [84]. Lactobacillus GG had no efficacy in acute pouchitis [85], although VSL#3 showed some benefit in an open label study [86].…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Manipulation of the Microbiome in IBD: Current Results and Future Approaches

Hansen

Sartor

2015

Curr Treat Options Gastro

103

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Opinion Statement Despite recent major strides in our understanding of the genetic and microbial influences that contribute to the development of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), their etiology continues to be enigmatic. Results from experiments in animal models of IBDs overwhelmingly support a causal role of the microbiota in these diseases, though whether such a cause-effect relationship exists in human IBDs is still uncertain. Therefore, virtually all currently-approved, and most often prescribed, treatments for IBDs are directed toward the over-active immune response in these diseases rather than the intestinal bacteria. Nevertheless, there is an important need for non-immunosuppressive therapies that may present a more favorable risk-benefit profile such as those that selectively target the disruptions in gut microbiota that accompany IBDs. This need has led to clinical trials of various microbial-directed therapies including fecal microbial transplant, antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics. Unfortunately, these published studies, many of which are small, have generally failed to demonstrate a consistent benefit of these agents in IBDs, thus leading to slow acceptance of microbe-focused treatments for these conditions. In this article, we review and summarize the microbial basis for IBDs and the results of the most recent trials of fecal microbial transplant, antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics in IBDs. We also comment on possible safety concerns with these agents, speculate on why they have failed to show efficacy in certain clinical settings, and propose strategies to improve their usefulness.

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Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Manipulation of the Microbiome in IBD: Current Results and Future Approaches

Hansen

Sartor

2015

Curr Treat Options Gastro

103

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“…In this model, the administration of a probiotic mixture prevented not only the decrease in TJ proteins expression, but also the increase of epithelial apoptotic ratio induced by acute colitis [212]. Furthermore, in patients with severe pouchitis, probiotics were able to restore the mucosal barrier, as they decreased E. coli K12 passage through the intestinal epithelium in Ussing chambers [213].…”

Section: Intestinal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 80%

Intestinal Barrier Function and the Brain-Gut Axis

Alonso

Vicario

Pigrau

et al. 2014

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

105

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The luminal-mucosal interface of the intestinal tract is the first relevant location where microorganism-derived antigens and all other potentially immunogenic particles face the scrutiny of the powerful mammalian immune system. Upon regular functioning conditions, the intestinal barrier is able to effectively prevent most environmental and external antigens to interact openly with the numerous and versatile elements that compose the mucosal-associated immune system. This evolutionary super system is capable of processing an astonishing amount of antigens and non-immunogenic particles, approximately 100 tons in one individual lifetime, only considering food-derived components. Most important, to develop oral tolerance and proper active immune responses needed to prevent disease and inflammation, this giant immunogenic load has to be managed in a way that physiological inflammatory balance is constantly preserved. Adequate functioning of the intestinal barrier involves local and distant regulatory networks integrating the so-called brain-gut axis. Along this complex axis both brain and gut structures participate in the processing and execution of response signals to external and internal changes coming from the digestive tract, using multidirectional pathways to communicate. Dysfunction of brain-gut axis facilitates malfunctioning of the intestinal barrier, and vice versa, increasing the risk of uncontrolled immunological reactions that may trigger mucosal and brain low-grade inflammation, a putative first step to the initiation of more permanent gut disorders. In this chapter, we describe the structure, function and interactions of intestinal barrier, microbiota and brain-gut axis in both healthy and pathological conditions.

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“…Induce the production of antiinflammatory cytokines. A recent publication from our group using this specific mixture of probiotics has shown restored mucosal barrier properties in patients with chronic pouchitis 272 . One drawback of working with a mixture of probiotics is that it is harder and time consuming to study the specific effects of each strain.…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Role of mast cells and probiotics in the regulation of intestinal barrier function

Carlsson¹

2013

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About the coverThe cover displays immunofluorescence image of intestinal villus epithelium and mast cells. Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI and mast cell tryptase is stained green. The image was acquired on a Zeiss LSM 700.During the course of the research underlying this thesis, Anders Carlsson was enrolled in Forum GIMIICum, faa national research school in gastrointestinal infection and inflammation funded by the Swedish Research Council and based at Linköping University ABSTRACTThe intestinal mucosa is the largest contact area and one of the most important barriers to the outside environment. It is highly specialized in aiding us digest and absorb nutrients. It is daily exposed to several potentially dangerous substances and microorganisms, which if they were allowed to pass into the body, could give rise to diseases. Throughout the small intestine certain sites specialized in antigen sampling are found. These sites are named Peyer's patches and are lymphoid follicles. The epithelium covering the Peyer's patches is called follicle-associated epithelium and is specialized in antigen sampling and uptake. The special epithelium enables presentation of luminal antigen to immune cells in the underlying follicle. Persistent life stress and stressful life events affect the course of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through largely unknown mechanisms. Regulation of epithelial permeability to antigens is crucial for the balance between inflammation and immune-surveillance, and increased intestinal permeability has been shown in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and corticotropin-releasing factor have been implicated as important mediators of stress-induced abnormalities in intestinal mucosal functions in animal models. Both of these mediators have been reported to regulate bowel ion secretion in humans during stress and uptake of horseradish peroxidase in rodents. Probiotics have been shown to ameliorate the deleterious effects of stress on intestinal function, but mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate whether mast cells play an important role in intestinal barrier function during stress and inflammation. Moreover, we wanted to determine whether probiotics can ameliorate the mucosal barrier integrity during stress and inflammation.To study the function of mast cells we conducted in vitro experiments on cell lines and ex vivo experiments in Ussing chambers on mouse, rat and human intestinal tissue. The Ussing chamber technique measures electrophysiological properties of the tissue and also gives the possibility to study transcellular and paracellular passage of markers and bacteria. Immunohistology and confocal microscopy have been used to identify mast cells and receptors of interest.Our results show that stress affects the follicle-associated epithelium barrier by mechanisms involving VIP and mast cells. These findings were corroborated by the localization of VIP receptors on mucosal ...

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The effects of probiotics on barrier function and mucosal pouch microbiota during maintenance treatment for severe pouchitis in patients with ulcerative colitis

Abstract: SUMMARY Background

Cited by 72 publications

References 55 publications

Therapeutic Manipulation of the Microbiome in IBD: Current Results and Future Approaches

Therapeutic Manipulation of the Microbiome in IBD: Current Results and Future Approaches

Intestinal Barrier Function and the Brain-Gut Axis

Role of mast cells and probiotics in the regulation of intestinal barrier function

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