The effects of pressure- versus volume-controlled ventilation on ventilator work of breathing

Abstract

Background Measurement of work of breathing (WOB) during mechanical ventilation is essential to assess the status and progress of intensive care patients. Increasing ventilator WOB is known as a risk factor for ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). In addition, the minimization of WOB is crucial to facilitate the weaning process. Several studies have assessed the effects of varying inspiratory flow waveforms on the patient’s WOB during assisted ventilation, but there are few studies on the different effect of inspiratory flow waveforms on ventilator WOB during controlled ventilation. Methods In this paper, we analyze the ventilator WOB, termed mechanical work (MW) for three common inspiratory flow waveforms both in normal subjects and COPD patients. We use Rohrer’s equation for the resistance of the endotracheal tube (ETT) and lung airways. The resistance of pulmonary and chest wall tissue are also considered. Then, the resistive MW required to overcome each component of the respiratory resistance is computed for square and sinusoidal waveforms in volume-controlled ventilation (VCV), and decelerating waveform of flow in pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Results The results indicate that under the constant I:E ratio, a square flow profile best minimizes the MW both in normal subjects and COPD patients. Furthermore, the large I:E ratio may be used to lower MW. The comparison of results shows that ETT and lung airways have the main contribution to resistive MW in normals and COPDs, respectively. Conclusion These findings support that for lowering the MW especially in patients with obstructive lung diseases, flow with square waveforms in VCV, are more favorable than decelerating waveform of flow in PCV. Our analysis suggests the square profile is the best choice from the viewpoint of less MW.

Effects of pressure- and volume-controlled ventilation on the work of breathing in cats using a cuffed endotracheal tube

“…Measuring the work of breathing is necessary to evaluate the status of patients during the use of mechanical controlled ventilation [19]. The work of breathing, the integral of the product of volume and pressure, was also compared between the VCV and Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/September-2021/34.pdf PCV groups.…”

Continuous estimation of respiratory system compliance and airway resistance during pressure-controlled ventilation without end-inspiration occlusion

“…PCV improves arterial oxygenation and decreases peak airway pressure because it decelerates inspiratory low. However, PCV has some limitations, including insufficient ventilation and excessive ventilation [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”