The effects of prenatal exposure to methylxanthines

Skopiński, Piotr; Woronkowicz, M; Skopińska-Różewska, Ewa; Ak, Siwicki

doi:10.2478/v10181-011-0105-9

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Despite the fact that the use of methylxanthine is commonly considered fairly safe on the doses achievable by normal consumption, the most common concern is still related with prenatal exposure. Methylxanthines may cross the placental barrier in humans, enabling fetus exposure (Skopi nski et al 2011), an event that may result in hazardous outcomes since the developing fetus may not possess the fully developed detoxification enzymes (Eteng et al 1997). This is a field that has been somewhat overlooked and deserves special attention in the future.…”

Section: Detrimental Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological potential of methylxanthines: Retrospective analysis and future expectations

Monteiro

Alves

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Methylated xanthines (methylxanthines) are available from a significant number of different botanical species. They are ordinarily included in daily diet, in many extremely common beverages and foods. Caffeine, theophylline and theobromine are the main methylxanthines available from natural sources. The supposedly relatively low toxicity of methylxanthines, combined with the many beneficial effects that have been attributed to these compounds through time, generated a justified attention and a very prolific ground for dedicated scientific reports. Methylxanthines have been widely used as therapeutical tools, in an intriguing range of medicinal scopes. In fact, methylxanthines have been/were medically used as Central Nervous System stimulants, bronchodilators, coronary dilators, diuretics and anti-cancer adjuvant treatments. Other than these applications, methylxanthines have also been hinted to hold other beneficial health effects, namely regarding neurodegenerative diseases, cardioprotection, diabetes and fertility. However, it seems now consensual that toxicity concerns related to methylxanthine consumption and/or therapeutic use should not be dismissed. Taking all the knowledge and expectations on the potential of methylxanthines into account, we propose a systematic look at the past and future of methylxanthine pharmacologic applications, discussing all the promise and anticipating possible constraints. Anyways, methylxanthines will still substantiate considerable meaningful research and discussion for years to come.

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Section: Detrimental Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological potential of methylxanthines: Retrospective analysis and future expectations

Monteiro

Alves

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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“…The most pressing concerns about methylxanthine consumption are nowadays related with prenatal exposure. Several studies conducted in animals revealed detrimental methylxanthine actions during pregnancy, related with hindered progeny development [346,347,348]. As for humans, epidemiologic studies comprising analysis of the effects caffeine/coffee consumption in pregnancy parameters, are not at all coherent, some dismissing concerns [349,350,351,352,353], while others do report detrimental effects in development, risk of miscarriage and malformation incidence [354,355,356,357,358].…”

Section: Drawbacks and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Bioactivity Relationships of Methylxanthines: Trying to Make Sense of All the Promises and the Drawbacks

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Methylxanthines are a group of phytochemicals derived from the purine base xanthine and obtained from plant secondary metabolism. They are unobtrusively included in daily diet in common products as coffee, tea, energetic drinks, or chocolate. Caffeine is by far the most studied methylxanthine either in animal or epidemiologic studies. Theophylline and theobromine are other relevant methylxanthines also commonly available in the aforementioned sources. There are many disseminated myths about methylxanthines but there is increased scientific knowledge to discuss all the controversy and promise shown by these intriguing phytochemicals. In fact, many beneficial physiologic outcomes have been suggested for methylxanthines in areas as important and diverse as neurodegenerative and respiratory diseases, diabetes or cancer. However, there have always been toxicity concerns with methylxanthine (over)consumption and pharmacologic applications. Herein, we explore the structure-bioactivity relationships to bring light those enumerated effects. The potential shown by methylxanthines in such a wide range of conditions should substantiate many other scientific endeavors that may highlight their adequacy as adjuvant therapy agents and may contribute to the advent of functional foods. Newly designed targeted molecules based on methylxanthine structure may originate more specific and effective outcomes.

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The effects of prenatal exposure to methylxanthines

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Pharmacological potential of methylxanthines: Retrospective analysis and future expectations

Pharmacological potential of methylxanthines: Retrospective analysis and future expectations

Structure-Bioactivity Relationships of Methylxanthines: Trying to Make Sense of All the Promises and the Drawbacks

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