“…In this process, NPs interact with the organisms and are absorbed and enriched, directly or indirectly threatening the ecosystem and human health [ 13 , 14 ]. Many studies have been reported on the toxicity of NPs to bacteria, algae, plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, mammalian cells and mammals [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and these studies also confirm that NPs have potential environmental hazards. Although there are many reports on the effects of nanomaterials on single species of organisms, the research on nano ecotoxicology is still in its infancy [ 29 ].…”