The effects of pollen consumption of transgenic Bt maize on the common swallowtail, Papilio machaon L. (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)

Lang, Andréas; Vojtech, Eva

doi:10.1016/j.baae.2005.10.003

Cited by 63 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, potential toxicity and exposure to the insecticide toxin Cry1Ab on 75 of the 159 lepidopteran species "considered as being of agricultural interest" have been predicted (van Frankenhuyzen 2013). Toxicity of various Bt toxins towards other non-target families of insects like Trichoptera (Rosi-Marshall et al 2007) and neuropteran species is a matter of strong controversy (Romeis et al 2013) and beyond the scope of this study but might be a source of concern (Lang and Vojtech 2006). One can argue that the alternative use of synthetic insecticides like indoxacarb (scenario C), known to be toxic at least for bees, birds, reptiles and fishes (Sanchez-Bayo and Hyne 2011), speaks for a decrease in pressure towards biodiversity in Bt compared to conventional systems.…”

Section: Gm Crops Marginally Improve Environmental Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically modified crops in Switzerland: implications for agrosystem sustainability evidenced by multi-criteria model

Wohlfender-Bühler

Feusthuber

Wager

et al. 2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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In Switzerland, genetically modified (GM) crops have been banned in 2005 and have never been used in agriculture. The relevance and sustainability of genetically modified crops for agrosystems have been assessed following a mandate from the Swiss Parliament defined by the Federal Act on Agriculture (187d al.1). For that, an ex ante study based on a multi-criteria decision analysis model that summarises literature and the opinion of experts has been done.The impacts of genetically modified crops on both environmental and socio-economical sustainability in Switzerland have been assessed. Here, we review four model crops for Swiss agriculture: maize, sugar beet, potato and apple. Each crop was compared for both conventional and genetically modified farming systems that contain a specific trait, namely insecticide production (Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)), herbicide tolerance (HT), fungal resistance (FR), or bacterial resistance (BR). Results show that six out of seven scenarios showed a lower socio-economical sustainability for genetically modified compared to the conventional systems, whereas a slight improvement in the environmental component, mostly resources use, was observed in all scenarios. In conclusion, our work indicates that only carefully tailored and designed genetically modified crops would meet the high standard of requirements of Swiss agrosystems. Our model has thus allowed a quick diagnostic on the impact of genetically modified cultivation on sustainability.

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Section: Gm Crops Marginally Improve Environmental Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically modified crops in Switzerland: implications for agrosystem sustainability evidenced by multi-criteria model

Wohlfender-Bühler

Feusthuber

Wager

et al. 2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…It is well-documented that larvae of a range of lepidopteran species are susceptible to the Cry1Ab protein and can be affected by the protein after ingestion of significant amounts of it through Bt-maize pollen (Losey et al, 1999;Hansen and Obrycki, 2000;Jesse and Obrycki, 2000;Felke andLangenbruch, 2003, 2005;Hellmich et al, 2001;Felke et al, 2002;Anderson et al, 2004Anderson et al, , 2005Dutton et al, 2005;Mattila et al, 2005;Lang and Vojtech, 2006;Prasifka et al, 2007). Lethal and sublethal effects of Bt-maize pollen consumption by lepidopteran larvae have been reported for several non-target lepidopteran species under laboratory conditions, with the magnitude of these effects varying with the Bt-maize event and lepidopteran species used, the larval stage, the amount of pollen consumed and Cry1Ab protein amounts contained in pollen (e.g., Hellmich et al, 2001;Felke et al, 2002;Mendelsohn et al, 2003;Felke and Langenbruch, 2005;Wolt et al, 2005).…”

Section: Scientific Opinion On Applications For Renewal Of Authorisatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EFSA GMO Panel notes that acute toxicity is often not considered a reliable predictor of sublethal effects (Suter, 2007) and that sublethal effects of Cry1Ab protein are anticipated for non-target Lepidoptera (e.g., Lang and Vojtech, 2006). Sublethal effects are likely to be more frequent under field conditions than lethal effects, as densities of pollen grains decline rapidly with increasing distance from the maize source (Eastham and Sweet, 2002;Jarosz et al, 2004;Devos et al, 2005;Hofmann, 2007Hofmann, , 2009Boehm et al, 2008).…”

Section: Scientific Opinion On Applications For Renewal Of Authorisatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications (EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐MON810) for renewal of authorisation for the continued marketing of (1) existing food and food ingredients produced from genetically modified insect resistant maize MON810; (2) feed consisting of and/or containing maize MON810, including the use of seed for cultivation; and of (3) food and feed additives, and feed materials produced from maize MON810, all under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto

2009

EFS2

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SUMMARYThis document provides a scientific opinion of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO Panel) of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on 3 applications 1 For citation purposes: Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms on applications (EFSA-GMO-RX-MON810) for the renewal of authorisation for the continued marketing of (1) existing food and food ingredients produced from genetically modified insect resistant maize MON810; (2) feed consisting of and/or containing maize MON810, including the use of seed for cultivation; and of (3) (1) existing food and food ingredients produced from genetically modified (GM) maize MON810 (Unique Identifier MON-ØØ81Ø-6); (2) feed consisting of and/or containing maize MON810, including the use of seed for cultivation; and of (3) food and feed additives, and feed materials produced from maize MON810, developed by Monsanto to provide resistance to lepidopteran target pests.The scopes of the 3 renewal applications cover the continued marketing of:-existing food and food ingredients produced from maize MON810 (Reference EFSA-GMO-RX-MON810 [8-1a] ) that have been placed on the market in accordance with [20-1a] );-food additives produced from maize MON810 that were authorised under Directive 89/107/EEC, and feed produced from maize MON810, i.e., feed additives lawfully placed on the market under Directive 70/524/EEC and feed materials (Reference EFSA-GMO-RX-MON810 [8-1b/20-1b] ).After the date of entry into force of the Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, the products mentioned above were notified to the European Commission according to Articles 8 or 20 of this Regulation and subsequently included in the Community Register of GM food and feed.Maize MON810 expresses a Cry1Ab insecticidal protein, derived from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, which confers protection against lepidopteran target pests such as the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and species belonging to the genus Sesamia.In delivering its scientific opinion, the EFSA GMO The EFSA GMO Panel assessed maize MON810 with reference to the intended uses and appropriate principles described in the guidance document of the EFSA GMO Panel for the risk assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed. The scientific assessment included molecular characterisation of the inserted DNA and expression of target proteins. A comparative analysis of agronomic traits and composition was undertaken, and the safety of the new protein and the whole food/feed were evaluated with respect to potential toxicity, allergenicity and nutritional quality. An assessment of environmental impacts and the postmarket environmental monitoring plan were undertaken.Maize MON810 was generated by particle acceleration technology. Maize MON810 expresses a cry1Ab coding sequence that encodes an insecticidally active Cry1Ab protein. The molecular characterisation data established that a single insert is integrated in the maize The expression of the genes introduced by genetic modification has been su...

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“…Perry et al (2011Perry et al ( , 2012Perry et al ( , 2013 explained that this assumption results in highly conservative estimates that tend to overestimate mortality. Sub-lethal effects, which can result in modified development time, altered fecundity, altered body weight or size and might affect population dynamics of exposed lepidopteran species (Dively et al, 2004;Lang and Vojtech, 2006). Sub-lethal effects are an important issue that can lead to adverse effects on a population over and above those of mortality (Cusham et al, 1994).…”

Section: Identified Uncertainties Not Considered In the Present Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updating risk management recommendations to limit exposure of non‐target Lepidoptera of conservation concern in protected habitats to Bt‐maize pollen

Arpaia¹,

Birch²,

Chesson³

et al. 2015

EFS2

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Using mathematical modelling, the EFSA GMO Panel has previously quantified the risk to non-target (NT) Lepidoptera of conservation concern, potentially occurring within protected habitats, associated with the ingestion of Bt-maize pollen deposited on their host plants. To reduce the estimated larval mortality to a negligible level, an isolation distance of 20 and 30 m was recommended between protected habitats and the nearest fields of maize MON 810/Bt11 and 1507, respectively. Here, the EFSA GMO Panel refines its model predictions, accounting for newly reported information on maize pollen deposition over long distances. For its calculations, the EFSA GMO Panel considered three exposure scenarios at a range of isolation distances, at two protection levels and for a range of lepidopteran species, including hypothetical ones, with a wide spectrum of sensitivities to Bt toxins. An analysis of various sources of uncertainties affecting the exposure of NT Lepidoptera to Bt-maize pollen was conducted, in order to provide quantitative estimates of realistic exposure levels. The EFSA GMO Panel therefore provides risk managers with a tool to estimate and mitigate the risk for NT Lepidoptera of conservation concern. In contrast to its previous outcomes obtained for unrealistically large levels of exposure that would not be expected in practice, the EFSA GMO Panel reports here mortality estimates for a more realistic level of exposure. The EFSA GMO Panel concludes that its previous recommendation for a 20 m isolation distance around protected habitats, within which maize MON810/Bt11 should not be cultivated, remains valid. New calculations show that the previously recommended isolation distance of 30 m from the nearest maize 1507 field would still protect NT Lepidoptera with known levels of sensitivity, including the 'highly-sensitive' Plutella xylostella. Should hypothetical species with greater sensitivities exist, larger isolation distances would be needed to ensure the desired level of protection. Originally published at: Arpaia, Salvatore; Birch, Andrew Nicholas Edmund; Chesson, Andrew; Patrick du Jardin, Patrick; Gathmann, Achim; Gropp, Jürgen; Herman, Lieve; Hoen-Sorteberg, Hilde-Gunn; Jones, Huw; Kiss, József; Kleter, Gijs; Løvik, Martinus; Messéan, Antoine; Perry, Joe; Tebbe, Christoph; Naegeli, H (2015). Updating risk management recommendations to limit exposure of non-target Lepidoptera of conservation concern in protected habitats to Bt-maize pollen. EFSA Journal, 13 (7) Updating risk management recommendations to limit exposure of non-target Lepidoptera of conservation concern in protected habitats to Bt-maize pollen EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) AbstractUsing mathematical modelling, the EFSA GMO Panel has previously quantified the risk to non-target (NT) Lepidoptera of conservation concern, potentially occurring within protected habitats, associated with the ingestion of Bt-maize pollen deposited on their host plants. To reduce the estimated larval mortality to a negligible leve...

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The effects of pollen consumption of transgenic Bt maize on the common swallowtail, Papilio machaon L. (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)

Cited by 63 publications

References 27 publications

Genetically modified crops in Switzerland: implications for agrosystem sustainability evidenced by multi-criteria model

Genetically modified crops in Switzerland: implications for agrosystem sustainability evidenced by multi-criteria model

Updating risk management recommendations to limit exposure of non‐target Lepidoptera of conservation concern in protected habitats to Bt‐maize pollen

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