The Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Muscle: Basic Science and Clinical Application

Mejia, Hector A.; Bradley, James P.

doi:10.1053/j.otsm.2011.04.002

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), transforming growth factor β-I (TGFβ-I), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are just a few of the growth factors (GFs) present within the α-granules of platelets [2,3]. Such a wide range of GFs is one of the keys to understand the multifaceted roles of PRP, including proliferation and differentiation of cells belonging to the musculoskeletal and vascular systems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor profile of platelet-rich plasma

et al. 2016

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During wound healing, biologically active molecules are released from platelets. The rationale of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) relies on the concentration of bioactive molecules and subsequent delivery to healing sites. These bioactive molecules have been seldom simultaneously quantified within the same PRP preparation. In the present study, the flexible Bio-Plex system was employed to assess the concentration of a large range of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 16 healthy volunteers so as to determine whether significant baseline differences may be found. Besides IL-1b, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1a, RANTES, bFGF, PDGF, and VEGF that were already quantified elsewhere, the authors reported also on the presence of IL-2, IL-5, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-15 G-CSF, GM-CSF, Eotaxin, CXCL10 chemokine (IP-10), and MIP 1b. Among the most interesting results, it is convenient to mention the high concentrations of the HIV-suppressive and inflammatory cytokine RANTES and a statistically significant difference between males and females in the content of PDGF-BB. These data are consistent with previous reports pointing out that gender, diet, and test system affect the results of platelet function in healthy subjects, but seem contradictory when compared to other quantification assays in serum and plasma. The inconsistencies affecting the experimental results found in literature, along with the variability found in the content of bioactive molecules, urge further research, hopefully in form of randomized controlled clinical trials, in order to find definitive evidence of the efficacy of PRP treatment in various pathologic and regenerative conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor profile of platelet-rich plasma

et al. 2016

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“…Different physicians selected every factor as the most important in PRP—from growth factor concentration to white blood cell concentration. Although the evidence is not uniform, dedicated studies have demonstrated a potential benefit for PRP usage in hamstring injuries, 13 lateral epicondylitis, 8,20 and patellar tendinitis, 5 which were the 3 most common conditions treated with PRP by team physicians. Additionally, the majority (72%) of physicians stated that they use ultrasonography to guide injections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Within the subset of tendon disorders, PRP has been specifically explored for its value as a therapy for rotator cuff tears and tendinopathy, ulnar collateral ligament tears and ruptures, hamstring strains, Achilles tendinopathy, lateral epicondylitis, and patellar tendinitis. 15 Specifically, PRP usage has been linked to lower rotator cuff retear rates, 19 faster return-to-play time in ulnar collateral ligament ruptures, 16 faster return to play following hamstring injuries, 13 extended relief and improved healing in lateral epicondylitis, 8,20 and improved pain control and function in patellar tendinitis. 5 These studies are in contrast with numerous tendinous studies demonstrating no benefit in the usage of PRP.…”

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confidence: 99%

Defining Platelet-Rich Plasma Usage by Team Physicians in Elite Athletes

Kantrowitz

Padaki

Ahmad

et al. 2018

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background:The indications for the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are vaguely defined despite the frequency of its use as a treatment for athletes. While select studies have advocated for its efficacy, the majority of orthopaedic research conducted on the topic has been equivocal.Purpose:To define the use of PRP in elite athletes by team physicians from professional sports leagues.Study Design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:A survey assessing treatment timing, usage patterns, indications, and complications was generated by fellowship-trained sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons. The survey was distributed to team physicians from the National Football League, National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, National Hockey League, Major League Soccer, and the “Power 5” Division I conferences of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. From a compilation of publicly available email addresses and those available from professional team physician associations, 149 team physicians were sent this PRP assessment tool.Results:Of the 149 professional and collegiate team physicians contacted, 59 started the survey and 46 completed it, resulting in a 39.6% participation rate and a 30.9% completion rate. Approximately 93% of physicians stated that they use PRP in their practices, and 72% use ultrasonography for injection guidance. On average, collegiate team physicians and National Football League physicians treated the most players per season with PRP (69.4 and 60.4 players, respectively), while National Hockey League physicians treated the fewest (18.0 players). The majority of respondents reported no complications from PRP injections (70%), with pain being the most common complication reported (26%). There was no consensus on the most important aspect of PRP formulation, with the top 2 responses being platelet concentration (48%) and white blood cell concentration (39%). When grading the importance of indications to use PRP, physicians found athlete desire on average (7.5 ± 2.2 [SD]; out of 10) to be more important than reimbursement (2.2 ± 2.2) (P < .001). Importantly, physicians stated that they moderately (5.4 ± 2.3) believed in the evidence behind PRP. Physicians listed hamstring injuries as the most common injury treated with PRP. Hamstring injuries were treated with a mean 3.14 PRP injections, as opposed to 2.19 injections for nonhamstring injuries.Conclusion:Professional and collegiate team physicians frequently use PRP despite a lack of consensus regarding the importance of the formulation of the product, the timing of treatment, and the conditions that would most benefit from PRP treatment.

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“…Several studies have looked at PRP for the treatment of hamstring injuries in NFL players. Mejia and Bradley reported on a case series of PRP injections given to National Football League (NFL) players with acute hamstring injuries within 24-48 h of injury [39]. They noted that there was an earlier return to play by 3 days for grade 1 hamstring strains and 5 days for grade 2 hamstring strains, which was equivalent to a one game difference.…”

Section: Clinical Outcome Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Muscle Injuries with Platelet-Rich Plasma: a Review of the Literature

Setayesh

Villarreal

Gottschalk

et al. 2018

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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Purpose of Review This review discusses the current literature regarding the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of muscle strain injuries. Case series as well as experimental trials for both human and animal models are covered. Recent Findings Multiple studies have examined outcomes for the use of PRP in the treatment of muscle strain injuries. PRP has been shown to promote muscle recovery via anabolic growth factors released from activated platelets, and in doing so, potentially reduces pain, swelling, and time for return to play. Summary In vitro studies support the regenerative potential of PRP for acute soft tissue injuries. Multiple clinical case series for PRP injections in the setting of muscle strains demonstrate imaging evidence for faster healing, less swelling, which can decrease time for return to play. These studies, however, are retrospective in nature, and few randomized controlled studies exist to demonstrate a clear clinical benefit. Additionally, there is tremendous heterogeneity regarding the injectant preparation, optimum platelet concentration, presence of leukocytes, and volume of PRP which should be administered as well as number of and timing of treatments.

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The Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Muscle: Basic Science and Clinical Application

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor profile of platelet-rich plasma

Cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor profile of platelet-rich plasma

Defining Platelet-Rich Plasma Usage by Team Physicians in Elite Athletes

Treatment of Muscle Injuries with Platelet-Rich Plasma: a Review of the Literature

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