The effects of Phα1β, a spider toxin, calcium channel blocker, in a mouse fibromyalgia model

Evaluation of DNA damage in spinal cord and mutagenic effect of a Phα1β recombinant toxin with analgesic properties from the Phoneutria nigriventer spider

“…Phα1β (100 pmol/site) has reduced glutamate release in the cerebrospinal fluid of mice submitted to the intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid and to intracolonic capsaicin administration in a study on the evaluation of its antinociceptive properties using visceral pain models; however, at 200 pmol/site, it has not affected the dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain of mice treated with reserpine . Although in the present study no pain was induced in the animals treated with the toxins, native Phα1β and recombinant CTK 01512‐2 likely blocked VGCC and other channels on spinal cord and modified the release of neurotransmitters, increasing DNA damage in this tissue.…”

“…N‐type VSCC are widely found in spinal cord neurons and control the release of neurotransmitters, playing an important role in the ascending peripheral pain to the brain . Some studies have shown that Phα1β toxin has antinociceptive action in several rodent pain models, showing effects on acute and persistent pain, including visceral, neuropathic, inflammatory, surgical and cancer pains …”

Attenuation of reserpine‑induced fibromyalgia via ROS and serotonergic pathway modulation by fisetin, a plant flavonoid polyphenol

“…A previous study identified that alterations in the levels of these metabolites in the postsynaptic receptors are responsible for heat and cold sensitization (45). It has also been shown that inhibition of the reuptake of these biogenic amines (5-HT, NA and DA) at the synaptic terminal produces antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects in FM (45,52). Data from the present study demonstrated that the administration of fisetin significantly attenuated the reserpine-induced decrease in the levels of DA, serotonin and NE, as well as increasing the ratios of their metabolites in the spinal cord, thalamus and prefrontal cortex.…”

How to study anxiety and depression in rodent models of chronic pain?

“…Regarding inflammatory pain models, increased immobility time in FST has been detected between 7 and 35 post‐induction days in CFA injected animals (Borges et al, 2014; Hamann et al, 2016; Kim et al, 2012; Le, Lee, Su, Zou, & Wang, 2014; Maciel, Silva, Morrone, Calixto, & Campos, 2013; Urban et al, 2011; Zhang et al, 2016) and at four post‐induction weeks in kaolin/carrageenan injected animals (Amorim et al, 2014). Finally, when conducted in an acid injection‐induced model of fibromyalgia, a decrease in immobility time was observed after 19–20 post‐operative days (Liu et al, 2014), after 10–14 days in an intermittent cold stress model (Nasu et al, 2019), and within few days in biogenic amine depletion models (Arora & Chopra, 2013; Klein et al, 2014; Nagakura et al, 2009; Siemian et al, 2019; de Souza et al, 2014).…”