The Effects of Physical Training are Varied and Occur in an Exercise Type-Dependent Manner in Elderly Men

Abstract

Regular exercise can decrease the deleterious effects of aging and limit the development and progression of chronic disease in elderly people, depending on the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of different physical training programs on oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory and neurotrophic mediators in the serum of elderly men. Healthy male volunteers [60 to 80 years; n=55] were divided into four groups: control [Ctr, n=14], aerobic training on dry land [ATdl, n=12]; and combined training on dry land [CTdl, n=12] or in water [CTw, n=17]. The training protocols were performed over 8 weeks, three times per week. Each 1 h session included 5 min warming-up exercise, 50 min specific training [aerobic, strength, or combined], and 5 min stretching. Blood samples were drawn 72 h before [baseline] the beginning of the 8 weeks’ protocol and 48 h after the last training session, processed, and the serum was aliquoted and stored at -70 °C until biochemical assessment of oxidative damage, antioxidant system and neurotrophic, growth and inflammatory factors. Elevated BDNF or IGF-1 levels were observed in the ATdl or CTdl groups, respectively. Overall oxidative stress parameters were improved including reduced lipid oxidative damage and increased thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities and total glutathione. Significant decreases in the inflammatory mediators IL-6 and IL-8 were observed; IL-6 was more susceptible to the effects of type of physical training. Thus, the effects of training in elderly men vary in an exercise type-dependent manner.

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“…After deleting duplicates, two reviewers (PTQ and RX) screened titles and abstracts and excluded unrelated records. Finally, 122 full-text articles were examined for eligibility, and 12 studies met the inclusion criteria (Bergström et al, 2009; Muscari et al, 2010; Tartibian et al, 2011, 2015; Friedenreich et al, 2012; Irwin and Olmstead, 2012; Nishida et al, 2015; Abdollahpour et al, 2016; Alghadir et al, 2016; Conroy et al, 2016; Sbardelotto et al, 2017; Mohammadi et al, 2018). One of these 12 studies (Sbardelotto et al, 2017) was excluded, as data remained unavailable, despite attempts to contact the original author.…”

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