The Effects of Photobiomodulation of 808 nm Diode Laser Therapy at Higher Fluence on the in Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

Abstract

The literature has supported the concept of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in bone regeneration as one of the most important applications in oro-maxillofacial reconstructions. However, the fate of the transplanted cells and their effects on the clinical outcome is still uncertain. Photobiomodulation (PBM) plays an important role in the acceleration of tissue regeneration and potential repair. The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effectiveness of PBM with 808 nm diode laser therapy, using a flat-top hand-piece delivery system at a higher-fluence (64 J/cm2) irradiation (1 W, continuous-wave) on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The BMSCs of 3 old female Balb-c mice were analyzed. The cells were divided into two groups: irradiated group and control group. In the former the cells were irradiated every 24 h during 0 day (T0), 5 (T1), 10 (T2), and 15 (T3) days, whereas the control group was non-irradiated. The results have shown that the 64 J/cm2 laser irradiation has increased the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Runx2 is the most important early marker of osteoblast differentiation. The higher-fluence suppressed the synthesis of adipogenic transcription factor (PPARγ), the pivotal transcription factor in adipogenic differentiation. Also, the osteogenic markers such as Osterix (Osx) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were upregulated with an increase in the matrix mineralization. Furthermore, western blotting data demonstrated that the laser therapy has induced a statistically valid increase in the synthesis of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) but had no effects on the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) production. The data has statistically validated the down-regulation of the important pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin IL-6, and IL-17 after 808 nm PBM exposition. An increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1rα and IL-10 was observed. These in vitro studies provide for first time the initial proof that the PBM of the 808 nm diode laser therapy with flat-top hand-piece delivery system at a higher-fluence irradiation of 64 J/cm2 (1 W/cm2) can modulate BMSCs differentiation in enhancing osteogenesis.

Near‐infrared laser photons induce glutamate release from cerebrocortical nerve terminals

“…Irradiation utilized a laser setup with the following key parameters : 808‐nm wavelength, 1 W of power, 1 W/cm 2 irradiance in CW (pulse energy of 0 Hz) and a single exposure time of 60 s time to generate an outgoing final fluence ( energy density ) of 60 J/cm 2 . The energy parameter used in our work is in line with our previous results that shown as an 808 nm, 1 W, 1 W/cm 2 , 60 s is able to induce PBM in eukaryotic cells, from protozoa and invertebrates up to mammal mitochondria and stem cells . In addition, the wavelength used is in the range of wavelength that is supposed to have a role in the cell‐to‐cell communication by biophotons .…”

Red (635 nm), Near-Infrared (808 nm) and Violet-Blue (405 nm) Photobiomodulation Potentiality on Human Osteoblasts and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Morphological and Molecular In Vitro Study

“…Taking into consideration the results showing the increase of vinculin expression aggregation and calcium deposits in both osteoblasts and hMSCs and of Runx-2 expression in osteoblasts after irradiation with 808 nm, our study seems also to suggest that PBM with 808 nm could positively influence osteogenic differentiation of these two types of progenitor cells, as proposed by other research groups [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. Along these lines, it has also been reported that PBM using NIR light (810 nm and 980 nm) encourages osteoblastic differentiation of hASCs [ 16 , 77 ].…”

The Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Differentiation, Proliferation, and Migration of the Mesenchymal Stem Cell: A Review

“…In this study, the reduction of the pro-inflammatory factors (IL6, IL17) and the increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1) were observed. 41 The low-power laser 808 nm, 4 J/cm 2 had no effect on the proliferation and differentiation of the MSCs into the osteoblasts and osteoclast cells. 42 Lowpower lasers (15 Hz, 150 mJ, 2.25 W) can proliferate and differentiate the bone marrow MSCs into the osteoblasts cells in 3-dimensional collagen scaffolds that can be used in the treatment of periodontal diseases.…”