The Effects of Phosphate Fertilization of Alfalfa on Growth, Reproduction, and Body Composition of Domestic Rabbits1

Heinemann, Wolfgang; Ensminger, Margaret E.; Ham, W. E.; Oldfield, J. E.

doi:10.2527/jas1957.162467x

Cited by 6 publications

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“…The present study results revealed no differences in body-weight development at dietary P levels of 0•1, 0•2, 0•4 and 0•8 %, at a constant dietary Ca level of 0•5 %, when using a diet mainly composed of purified ingredients. In contrast to the present study, Heinemann et al (1957) found a significantly retarded growth on a diet containing 0•1 % P as compared with 0•2 % P. The difference with the present study is that Heinemann et al (1957) used a diet mainly based on natural ingredients (lucerne), with a high Ca level (1•5 %). Mathieu & Smith (1961) reported a significantly lower body-weight gain when the dietary P level was 0•07 and 0•14 % as opposed to 0•28 % P. In this last study, hay was the sole source of P in the 0•07 % P diet.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the absolute dietary P level, the absolute dietary Ca concentration, as well as the ratio between them, are important factors in order to evaluate the precise requirements reliably. Heinemann et al (1957) reported retarded growth, impaired breeding efficiency, and abnormal bone development in rabbits at dietary Ca:P ratios exceeding 10 (at dietary P levels ranging from 0•12 to 0•26 %). When dietary P levels are relatively high, Ca content should be at least at the same concentration in order to establish normal growth in rabbits (Chapin & Smith, 1967a;Lang, 1981).…”

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Lowering dietary phosphorus concentrations reduces kidney calcification, but does not adversely affect growth, mineral metabolism, and bone development in growing rabbits

et al. 2004

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New Zealand White rabbits were used to investigate the influence of increasing dietary P concentrations on growth performance, mineral balance, kidney calcification and bone development. The minimum dietary P requirement of 0·22 % (National Research Council) is usually exceeded in commercial natural-ingredient chows, leading to undesirable kidney calcifications. In order to study the optimal dietary P level, rabbits were fed semi-purified diets with four different P levels (0·1, 0·2, 0·4, and 0·8 %; w/w) at a constant dietary Ca concentration (0·5 %) during an 8-week period. Body weight and growth were not influenced by the dietary P level. During two periods (days 20 -23 and 48 -51), faeces and urine were collected quantitatively for the analysis of Ca, Mg and P and balances were calculated. Increased dietary P intake caused increased urinary and faecal P excretion and P apparent absorption and retention. Faecal Ca excretion increased with higher dietary P levels, whereas urinary Ca excretion reacted inversely. The apparent absorption of Ca became reduced at higher dietary P concentrations, but Ca retention was unchanged. The response of Mg was in a similar direction to that of the Ca balance. Kidney mineral content increased with higher dietary P levels, indicating the presence of calcified deposits. Nephrocalcinosis became more severe in kidney cortex and medulla at increasing dietary P levels, as was confirmed by histological analysis. Femur bone length was not differentially influenced by dietary P. Bone density (g/cm 3 ) of the femur diaphysis became significantly lower at the 0·8 % dietary P level as compared with the 0·2 % P group only. The bone Mg content was significantly increased on the 0·8 % P diet, both in the diaphysis and epiphysis. Plasma P concentration increased and plasma Ca decreased with higher dietary P levels, whereas plasma Mg levels were unaffected. The present study shows that the current recommended minimum dietary P level of 0·2 % for rabbits, as advised by the National Research Council in 1977, leads to a normal growth and bone development, but also causes some degree of kidney calcifications at a dietary Ca level of 0·5 %. As the dietary P level of 0·1 % virtually prevented kidney calcification and at the same time did not give evidence for any deleterious effects on growth and bone development, this indicates that the current recommended dietary P level for rabbits should be regarded as a maximum advisable concentration, and that a lower P level may be more optimal.

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Lowering dietary phosphorus concentrations reduces kidney calcification, but does not adversely affect growth, mineral metabolism, and bone development in growing rabbits

et al. 2004

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“…In grasses, fertilization has little effect on forage digestibility outside of indirect effects such as sward composition (Ball et al., 2001; K. J. Moore et al., 2020). Conversely, alfalfa P and K contents have been positively correlated to top‐dressed P and K applications (Hanson & MacGregor, 1966), and adverse physiological conditions have been observed in rabbits fed alfalfa produced on low‐P fertility soil (Heinemann et al., 1957). Similarly, increased crude protein (CP) content of hay and corn silage is observed under both synthetic and organic N fertilization (Buxton et al., 1995; Lentz & Ippolito, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilization strategy affects crop nutrient concentration and removal in semi‐arid U.S. Northwest

et al. 2022

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Access to livestock manure is increasing in semi‐arid cropping systems of U.S. Northwest prompting evaluation of fertilization strategies on regional production systems. A study conducted from fall 2012 to 2019 used: fall‐ or spring‐applied dairy manure (56 Mg ha−1), fall‐applied composted dairy manure (33 Mg ha−1), spring‐applied urea or SUPERU (Koch Agronomic Services), and a control (n = 6) on a corn (Zea mays L.)–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–alfalfa–alfalfa rotation. The effects of fertilization strategies on (a) soil nutrients, (b) crop tissue nutrient concentration and removal, and (c) digestibility and energy content of forages are discussed. Compost and manure additions increased corn silage N, P, K, respectively, by 0.86, 0.28, and 2.4 g kg−1 over other treatments; silage Ca and Mg were depressed 0.4 and 0.53 g kg−1 by manure applications. Barley grain Premoval and Kremoval increased 5.10 and 7.65 g kg−1 under manure applications relative to urea and SUPERU treatments while crude protein (CP) (19.1 g N kg−1) neared limits of high‐quality malt extract (16–19 g N kg−1). Compost and manure increased alfalfa K by 2.3 and 5.5 g kg−1 over other treatments, approaching levels of concern for hypocalcemia in dairy cattle (≥30 g K kg−1). No major impact on corn silage or alfalfa quality parameters, were observed. Present Idaho nutrient removal estimates were representative of corn and alfalfa, but not barley in which observed N removal was 28% lower. In 17 of 18 instances, contrast testing suggested nutrient removal differed under organic amended treatments, suggesting nutrient removal modifiers in production systems receiving organic amendment may need established.

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Effects of Elements Other than Nitrogen on the Nutritive Value of Forage

Reid

Jung

2015

ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Books

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The Effects of Phosphate Fertilization of Alfalfa on Growth, Reproduction, and Body Composition of Domestic Rabbits1

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Lowering dietary phosphorus concentrations reduces kidney calcification, but does not adversely affect growth, mineral metabolism, and bone development in growing rabbits

Lowering dietary phosphorus concentrations reduces kidney calcification, but does not adversely affect growth, mineral metabolism, and bone development in growing rabbits

Fertilization strategy affects crop nutrient concentration and removal in semi‐arid U.S. Northwest

Effects of Elements Other than Nitrogen on the Nutritive Value of Forage

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