The effects of pH on glucosinolate degradation by a thioglucoside glucohydrolase preparation

Gil, Víctor; MacLeod, Alexander J.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)83916-3

Cited by 102 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Possibly, the process of complete feed pelleting involves the inclusion of 30% moisture, which may favour activation of the myrosinage enzyme present in rapeseed-mustard meal and responsible for TGLS degradation (Mukherjee et al, 1976). Myrosinase is deactivated at a temperature of 708C to 808C (Gil and Macleod, 1980), which was observed in the pelleting chamber of the pelletiser. The TGLS degradation products that arose due to activation of the myrosinase would have evaporated during pellet processing and drying (Verkerk et al, 1997); thus, the TGLS content of the MM-incorporated diets was lower than that of the pre-mixes.…”

Section: Effect Of Dietary Glucosinolates On Growing Rabbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caecal fermentation characteristics, blood composition and growth of rabbits on substitution of soya-bean meal by unconventional high-glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea) meal as protein supplement

Tripathi

Mishra

Mondal

et al. 2008

Animal

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Effect of graded levels of high-glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea) meal as substitute of soya-bean meal (SBM) in broiler rabbit diets was studied. Forty weaning rabbits of Soviet Chinchilla and White Giant breed were randomly allocated to one of four experimental diets containing mustard meal (MM) 0, 80, 160 and 245 g/kg. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. MM had 54.8 mg total glucosinolates (TGLSs) per g dry matter (DM). Diets had TGLS 3.8, 8.4 and 11.98 mg/g DM in 80, 160 and 245 g MM diets, respectively. MM-incorporated diets had higher digestible and linearly (P , 0.01) higher metabolisable energy (ME) content. However, the effect on total tract apparent digestibility of DM, and crude protein was quadratic. Average daily gain (ADG) reduced (P , 0.05) linearly with increasing MM levels in diet, still 80 and 160 g MM diets had similar ADG compared to that of SBM diet. Caecum weight reduced linearly (P , 0.05) with increasing MM levels in diet. The pH of caecal content ranged between 5.85 and 6.19, total N between 1.19 and 1.48 (g per 100 g) and total volatile fatty acids between 4.7 and 5.8 mmol per 100 g, and they were not statistically different. NH 3 -N ranged between 31.2 and 39.0 mg per 100 ml, and reduced linearly (P , 0.05) while trichloroacetic acidprecipitable nitrogen increased linearly (P , 0.01, ranged between 114 and 247 mg per 100 ml) with increasing MM levels in diet. Blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume and lymphocytes were higher (quadratic effects, P , 0.05) on 245 MM diet, whereas white blood cell count reduced linearly (P , 0.01). Serum aspartate aminotransferase increased linearly (P , 0.01) while alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity, protein, erythrocytes sedimentation rate and red blood cell counts were not affected by MM. Serum Cu, Na and K content increased linearly (P , 0.05) with increasing MM levels. Liver Cu concentration showed quadratic (P , 0.05) increase. Rabbits tolerated 8.4 mg TGLS per g diet (160 g MM per kg) during active growth without any apparent effect on health and growth. It is concluded that MM can replace up to 66% SBM protein in rabbit feeding, whereas complete replacement of SBM with MM reduced feed intake and ADG by 23% and 13%, respectively. Further studies are required to confirm these inclusion levels and glucosinolate tolerance of rabbits.

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Section: Effect Of Dietary Glucosinolates On Growing Rabbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caecal fermentation characteristics, blood composition and growth of rabbits on substitution of soya-bean meal by unconventional high-glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea) meal as protein supplement

Tripathi

Mishra

Mondal

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…At neutral pH, aliphatic glucosinolates generally yield isothiocyanates, while at acidic pH or in the presence of ferrous ions the formation of nitriles is favoured ( Fig. 1) [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is however, no GC, HPLC or HPCE method described up to date for the simultaneous determination of glucosinolates and their degradation products. Direct methods have been used both for determination of myrosinase activity and kinetic parameters, such as the determination of liberated acid, which is titrated with alkali using pH-stat apparatus (pHSA) [35], direct spectrophotometric assay (DSA) of glucosinolate degradation [12,36], the spectrophotometric coupled enzyme assay (SCEA) of liberated glucose [37,38] and the polarographic coupled assay (PCA) [39]. The pHSA, the DSA and the SCEA are used in routine analysis of myrosinase activity of Brassica extracts due to their being simple, fast and inexpensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography—Synchronous monitoring of substrate and products in the myrosinase catalysed hydrolysis of glucosinolates

Bellostas¹,

Sørensen²,

Sørensen³

2006

Journal of Chromatography A

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A micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) method has been developed for monitoring the myrosinase catalysed hydrolysis of 2-hydroxy substituted glucosinolates and the simultaneous formation of the corresponding degradation products (oxazolidine-2-thiones (OZTs) and nitriles). Glucosibarin ((2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethylglucosinolate) was chosen as the model glucosinolate owing to the difficulties in determining hydrolysis rates of this type of substrates in traditional UV-assays. The method was afterwards validated with glucobarbarin ((2S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethylglucosinolate) and progoitrin ((2R)-2-hydroxybut-3-enylglucosinolate). Aromatic glucosinolates without a 2-hydroxy group in their side chains, such as glucotropaeolin (benzylglucosinolate) and gluconasturtiin (phenethylglucosinolate) were also tested. Formation of the glucosinolate hydrolysis products was monitored simultaneously at 206 nm and 230 nm. This allowed estimation of the extinction coefficient of the OZT derived from glucosibarin, which was found to be 18,000 M −1 cm −1 and 12,000 M −1 cm −1 at 206 nm and 230 nm, respectively. The developed method has limit of detection of 0.04 mM and 0.06 mM and limit of quantification of 0.2 mM and 0.3 mM for the glucosibarin derived OZT and nitrile, respectively. Linearity of the glucosinolate concentration was examined at six concentration levels from 2.5 mM to 100 mM and at 206 nm a straight line (R 2 = 0.9996) was obtained. The number of theoretical plates (N) at the optimal system conditions was 245,000 for the intact glucosibarin, 264,000 for the OZT and 252,000 for the nitrile.

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“…However, it was not possible to prevent the destruction of the tablets by chewing of the pigs which caused the early degradation of the GTL in the mouth and an obvious complete loss prior to absorption. The release of isothiocyanate is dependent on mechanical factors like chewing, damage of the plant tissue [2] [32], moistening of the feed and of other factors like the pH value [33] [34]. Nasturtium supplemented feed of Doses 1 and 2 was consumed very quickly and chewing was not very distinctive, while animals fed Dose 3 were restrained in their feeding and ate very slowly.…”

Section: Bitc Excretion With Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Glucotropaeolin from <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. (Nasturtium) and the Bioavailability of Benzyl-Isothiocyanates in Growing Pigs

Stelter¹,

Bloem²,

Berk³

et al. 2014

ABC

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Tropaeolum majus L. is widely known as a medicinal plant in human medicine. It belongs to the Tropaeolaceae which contains mustard oil glycosides like cruciferous plants. In the case of T. majus, the intact glucosinolate glucotropaeolin showed no biological activity, but their degradation products, the isothiocyanates, did. The substances are thought to be enriched in the urinary bladder and the lungs, the active sites to develop their antimicrobial effectiveness. In animal nutrition these effects are of interest in sow management and piglet rearing. Therefore, the kinetics of benzyl-isothiocyanat (BITC) in plasma and the excretion with pig urine in response to nasturtium supplementation at different dosing regimens and galenic forms were examined. Four different groups with catheterized pigs were studied. The animals received the T. majus in different dosages (2.3, 6.9 and 13.4 mg GTL/kg BW) and different galenic forms (enteric coated tablets, pulverized tablets and powder) admixed to the feed ration as single bolus to the morning feeding. Blood and urine samples were collected within 24 h after nasturtium intake and analyzed for free BITC. The results indicated that the enteric coating was not effective in animal feeding. The concentration of BITC in tablet fed pigs was lower compared to animals fed powder or pulverized tablets. The bioavailability of the tablets was only 45% within 24 h relative to pulverized tablets. Nevertheless, the tablets could have some advantages in terms of the handling, the stability of the active substance and the dosing. Furthermore, it could be shown that all dosages yielded concentrations in urine and plasma, which can be considered to have an antimicrobial effect.

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The effects of pH on glucosinolate degradation by a thioglucoside glucohydrolase preparation

Cited by 102 publications

References 21 publications

Caecal fermentation characteristics, blood composition and growth of rabbits on substitution of soya-bean meal by unconventional high-glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea) meal as protein supplement

Caecal fermentation characteristics, blood composition and growth of rabbits on substitution of soya-bean meal by unconventional high-glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea) meal as protein supplement

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography—Synchronous monitoring of substrate and products in the myrosinase catalysed hydrolysis of glucosinolates

Metabolism of Glucotropaeolin from <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. (Nasturtium) and the Bioavailability of Benzyl-Isothiocyanates in Growing Pigs

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The effects of pH on glucosinolate degradation by a thioglucoside glucohydrolase preparation

Cited by 102 publications

References 21 publications

Caecal fermentation characteristics, blood composition and growth of rabbits on substitution of soya-bean meal by unconventional high-glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea) meal as protein supplement

Caecal fermentation characteristics, blood composition and growth of rabbits on substitution of soya-bean meal by unconventional high-glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea) meal as protein supplement

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography—Synchronous monitoring of substrate and products in the myrosinase catalysed hydrolysis of glucosinolates

Metabolism of Glucotropaeolin from &lt;i&gt;Tropaeolum majus&lt;/i&gt; L. (Nasturtium) and the Bioavailability of Benzyl-Isothiocyanates in Growing Pigs

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Metabolism of Glucotropaeolin from <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. (Nasturtium) and the Bioavailability of Benzyl-Isothiocyanates in Growing Pigs