The Effects of Pesticides on Dictyostelium Cholinesterase, from Basic to Applied Research

Amaroli, Andrea

doi:10.5772/17391

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Our work suggests considering, in future regulations, about the use of pesticides as their toxic effect on non-target organisms is strongly influenced by climate temperatures that vary from season to season and from country to country and are constantly influenced by human activity. In addition, there is need for a new consideration of the protozoa, which takes into account recent researches about the presence in this microorganism of classical neurotransmitters [13,19,32,41,42] that, similar to those in animals, make protozoa an innocent target of neurotoxic pesticides in the battle against pest crops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assumed it was involved in cell-cell and cell-environment interactions, as its inhibition affects cell aggregation and differentiation of the developmental phase of life cycle [12,14,15]. A remarkable finding of our investigations was that like the cholinesterase activities of the higher organisms, the variation of PrChE activity was found to be a valuable stress index that could represent a general biomarker of stress induced by environmental perturbations [16][17][18][19]. For this reason, in this work, we chose D. discoideum to study the effects of temperature variations and pesticides used worldwide for agriculture pest control and potentially harmful for non-target wildlife organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Temperature Variation on the Sensitivity to Pesticides: a Study on the Slime Mould Dictyostelium discoideum (Protozoa)

Amaroli

2014

Microb Ecol

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Slime moulds live in agricultural ecosystems, where they play an important role in the soil fertilization and in the battle against crop pathogens. In an agricultural soil, the amoebae are exposed to different stress factors such as pesticides and weather conditions. The use of pesticides increased up from 0.49 kg per hectare in 1961 to 2 kg in 2004, and the global greenhouse gas emission has grown 70% between 1970 and 2004 leading to a global fluctuation of average surface temperature. Therefore, the European Directive 2009/128/EC has led to a new approach to agriculture, with the transition from an old concept based on high use of pesticides and fossil fuels to an agriculture aware of biodiversity and health issues. We studied the effects of temperature variations and pesticides on Dictyostelium discoideum. We measured the fission rate, the ability to differentiate and the markers of stress such as the activity and presence of pseudocholinesterase and the presence of heat shock protein 70. Our results highlight how the sensitivity to zinc, aluminium, silver, copper, cadmium, mercury, diazinon and dicofol changes for a 2 °C variation from nothing/low to critical. Our work suggests considering, in future regulations, about the use of pesticides as their toxic effect on non-target organisms is strongly influenced by climate temperatures. In addition, there is a need for a new consideration of the protozoa, which takes into account recent researches about the presence in this microorganism of classical neurotransmitters that, similar to those in animals, make protozoa an innocent target of neurotoxic pesticides in the battle against the pest crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Temperature Variation on the Sensitivity to Pesticides: a Study on the Slime Mould Dictyostelium discoideum (Protozoa)

Amaroli

2014

Microb Ecol

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“…exploring basic cellular and developmental processes in the context of biomedical research. It allows the investigation of the various effects of toxicants on homogenous and large populations and Dictyostelium could be a suitable biomonitoring organism for toxicants (Amaroli, 2011). Samar Chatterjee from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi studied the toxicity effects of various heavy metals using Dictyostelium as a model system.…”

Section: Toxicology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glimpses of Dictyostelid research in India

Begum¹,

Saran²

2020

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Simple organisms are preferred for understanding the molecular and cellular function(s) of complex processes. Dictyostelium discoideum is a lower eukaryote, a protist and a cellular slime mould, which has been in recent times used for various studies such as cell differentiation, development, cell death, stress responses etc. It is a soil amoeba (unicellular) that undertakes a remarkable, facultative shift to multicellularity when exposed to starvation and requires signal pathways that result in alteration of gene expression and finally show cell differentiation. The amoebae aggregate, differentiate and form fruiting bodies with two terminally differentiated cells: the dead stalk (non-viable) and dormant spores (viable). In India, starting from the isolation of Dictyostelium species to morphogenesis, cell signalling and social evolution has been studied with many more new research additions. Advances in molecular genetics make Dictyostelium an attractive model system to study cell biology, biochemistry, signal transduction and many more.

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“…As eukaryotic organisms, D. discoideum amoebae, respond directly to environmental stimuli, but they are more sensitive to environmental changes than the cells of higher organisms. Moreover, D. discoideum has a short cell cycle and allows detecting the effects of toxicants on large and homogeneous populations (Amaroli, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic effects of mercury on the cell nucleus of Dictyostelium discoideum

Boatti

Rapallo

Viarengo

et al. 2016

Environmental Toxicology

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Governmental agencies (www.epa.gov/mercury) and the scientific community have reported on the high toxicity due to mercury. Indeed, exposure to mercury can cause severe injury to the central nervous system and kidney in humans. Beyond its recognized toxicity, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the actions of this heavy metal. Mercury has been also observed to form insoluble fibrous protein aggregates in the cell nucleus. We used D. discoideum to evaluate micronuclei formation and, since mercury is able to induce oxidative stress that could bring to protein aggregation, we assessed nuclear protein carbonylation by Western Blot. We observed a significant increase in micronuclei formation and 14 carbonylated proteins were identified. Moreover, we used isotope-coded protein label (ICPL) and mass spectrometry analysis of proteins obtained by lysis of purified nuclei, before of tryptic digestion to quantify nuclear proteins affected by mercury. In particular, we examined the effects of mercury that associate a classical genotoxic assay to proteomic effects into the nucleus. The data present direct evidences for mercury genotoxicity, nuclear protein carbonylation, quantitative change in core histones, and the involvement of pseudouridine synthase in mercury toxicity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 417-425, 2017.

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The Effects of Pesticides on Dictyostelium Cholinesterase, from Basic to Applied Research

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

The Effects of Temperature Variation on the Sensitivity to Pesticides: a Study on the Slime Mould Dictyostelium discoideum (Protozoa)

The Effects of Temperature Variation on the Sensitivity to Pesticides: a Study on the Slime Mould Dictyostelium discoideum (Protozoa)

Glimpses of Dictyostelid research in India

Toxic effects of mercury on the cell nucleus of Dictyostelium discoideum

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