The Effects of Partible Inheritance: Gentry Families and the State in Muscovy

Kivelson, Valerie A.

doi:10.2307/130823

Cited by 39 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…By contrast, partible inheritance practices facilitated another set of historical occurrences, for it: condemned the Muscovite nobility to a servile status before the Tsar (Kivelson 1994); set‐up long‐lasting nicknames and kinship groupings above the level of household in Tory Island (post‐famine Ireland) (Breen 1982); offered Germans access to cash and collateral services in mid‐nineteenth century Hesse‐Cassel (Wegge 1999); co‐existed with seasonal (as opposed to permanent) migration and customs of local domestic industry in nineteenth century European peasant families (Habakkuk 1955); destroyed the eighteenth century English small farmer (yeoman) as a social class through a surfeit of mortgages/debts incurred to provide for the non‐inheritors (Thompson 1976); led to the liquidation of English family businesses in earlyindustrial Stockport after the death of their Victorian middle‐class proprietors whose wills were mostly concerned with providing a secure (possibly rentier income but also mobile and specialised capital) income for their offspring (Owens 2002); linked to lower co‐residence rates in present‐day southern Spanish regions. (Holdsworth et al.…”

Section: Population Density Regional Inheritance Practices and Farmementioning

confidence: 99%

The Territorial Impact of the Farmers' Early Retirement Scheme

Bika¹

2007

Sociologia Ruralis

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This article considers the causal relationships between the European farmers' early retirement policy instrument and structural and social outcomes. The member states of Greece, Ireland and France have been among the main beneficiaries of this policy scheme, which encourages farmers aged between 55 and 66 to retire and transfer their land to a younger farmer, with multiple effects. The analysis in this article suggests that the accrued pension income is mostly higher than applicants' previous earnings from farming, while the policy instrument is only moderately successful in enlarging farms or encouraging new entrants, with the majority of transfers occurring between members of the same family. The farmers' early retirement scheme appears to be connected more to the regional traditions of inheritance than to farm structures per se. The impact on an unbalanced European age-farmer structure is evaluated as differing little from what would have happened anyway, with only short-term effects reported in relation to the time scale. In summary, the scheme is subject to manipulation in terms of regionspecific circumstances and thus fulfils social objectives rather than the purpose of structural cohesion.

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