The effects of parental leave on child health and postnatal care: Evidence from Australia

Population Health and Paid Parental Leave: What the United States Can Learn from Two Decades of Research

“…Still, several breastfeeding studies have reported associations between breastfeeding and these indicators [ 12 ], so Baker and Milligan’s findings illustrate the possibility that prior studies may overestimate certain effects, or the effects may depend on context. Khanam et al [ 52 ], examining asthma and bronchiolitis in children of Australians found statistically significant reductions for paid maternity leave, but the relationship was no longer significant if parental health was included as a covariate. This might imply parental leave acts as a safety net for those parents whose own health is compromised.…”

“…The evidence is mixed, with Tanaka [ 6 ] finding no change in immunization prevalence among his study countries, yet other analyses have found increases in both the US [ 60 , 71 ] and on a global scale [ 38 , 72 ]. Khanam et al [ 52 ], found that the probability of being fully immunized fell by more than 20% for Australian children whose parents had no access to any parental leave (in this case, while paid leave was more effective, any leave at all appeared to be the determining factor). Differences in culture and public health policy between European countries (which comprised the bulk of Tanaka’s study) and Australia may help explain the disparity in findings between different investigations.…”

Paid Parental Leave Policies and Infant Mortality Rates in OECD Countries: Policy Implications for the United States

“…Paid parental leave is correlated with a variety of outcomes that affect infant health. For example, parents who are offered paid leave are more likely to take time off work, to breast‐feed, to extend the duration of breast‐feeding, and to adhere to well baby check‐ups and immunization schedules (e.g., Baker & Milligan, ; Berger, Hill, & Waldfogel, ; Khanam, Ngheim, & Connelly, ; Lingberg, ; Roe, Whittington, Fein, & Teisl, ; Ronsen & Sundstrom, ). Such positive influences on infant health may lead to a reduction in the infant mortality rate, a health indicator on which the United States has long underperformed compared to its peer countries.…”

The causal effects of survivors’ benefits on health status and poverty of widows in Turkey: Evidence from Bayesian Networks

“…Overall, the previous literature explored the effects of other social benefits, including parental or maternity leave (Huang and Yang, 2014;Khanam et al, 2016). However, prior studies have not explored the relationship of the effects of the survivor benefits on health and wealth, especially in Turkey.…”

“…Since the employed are more likely to earn more, they can be wealthier than the unemployed, retired and those who are disabled and unable to work. The house tenure and the house size can be effects of income and education (Avis et al, 1991;Assaad and Rouchdy, 1999;Huang and Yang, 2014;Khanam et al, 2016) In addition, we include in the analysis extra covariates, such as whether the people are exposed to air pollution problems in the neighbourhood and whether they have heating problems, since these factors can affect the health status. For instance, it is well known that air pollution has negative effects on health and the overall well-being of people.…”