The Effects of Parental Depression and Parenting Practices on Depressive Symptoms and Metabolic Control in Urban Youth with Insulin Dependent Diabetes

Abstract

The presence of parental depressive symptoms influences both youth depression and poor metabolic control through problematic parenting practices such as low involvement and monitoring.

Quality of Life in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) in Minia Governorate: Relationship with Mood and Family Attitudes

“…Higher levels of parenting stress are associated with increased rates of internalizing problems and depressive symptoms in the child15 and 16. Studies suggest that problems like parental anxiety or depression have a direct or indirect (e.g., through parental involvement) negative impact on both metabolic control and psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with T1D [32,33]. These data suggest that parenting stress is related to both physiological and psychological functioning of adolescents with T1D.…”

Mother and Child Depressive Symptoms in Youth with Spina Bifida: Additive, Moderator, and Mediator Models

“…In addition, children of depressed mothers have an increased risk of developing depression themselves (Brennan et al 2003;Eckshtain et al 2010). Thus, gaining a greater understanding of the mechanisms through which maternal depression contributes to child depression is an important area of research.…”

“…Although much research has examined risk factors associated with the development of depression in adolescents with diabetes (Eckshtain et al 2010;Jaser et al 2008), less attention has been paid to other conditions, including spina bifida (SB), which is the focus of the current study. SB is a congenital birth defect that affects 18 of every 1,000 live births in the United States annually (Centers for Disease Control 2008) and is associated with numerous health issues (i.e., hydrocephalus, muscle weakness, orthopedic problems, lack of bowel and bladder control) as well as cognitive, psychological, and social impairments (Bellin et al 2009;Holmbeck and Devine 2010).…”

“…Although the link between maternal depression and child depression has been well established in the developmental literature (Lovejoy et al 2000;McKee et al 2008), and to a lesser extent in the pediatric literature (Eckshtain et al 2010;Jaser et al 2008), specific parenting behaviors that might influence these associations have received less attention. Additionally, previous research examining parenting behaviors and youth outcomes in children with depressed mothers has yielded inconsistent results.…”

“…In general, specific parenting behaviors (i.e., greater acceptance, lower psychological control) have been found to be related to resilient child outcomes (i.e., absence of psychological distress; Brennan et al 2003). However, when specific outcomes are examined, some have found that parenting behaviors are related to the development of child depressive symptoms (Eckshtain et al 2010) whereas others suggest parenting behaviors are only related to child externalizing problems (McKee et al 2008). Although not always consistent, these findings suggest that parenting behaviors should be examined when considering relations between maternal and child depressive symptoms.…”