The Effects of Ozonation, Biological Filtration and Distribution on the Concentration of Easily Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC) in Drinking Water

Kooij, D. van der; Hijnen, W.A.M.; Kruithof, Joop C.

doi:10.1080/01919518908552443

Cited by 162 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is expressed as a carbon concentration by means of a conversion factor or calibration [29]. In a first approach, the AOC was determined by the method of Van der Kooij [62,64,63]. The maximum level of growth, expressed as the maximum colony count Nmax, was measured after inoculation of a representative water sample with Pseudomonas fluorescens strain P17 and Spirillum species strain Nox.…”

Section: Assimilable Organic Carbon Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed culture hydrogenotrophic nitrate reduction in drinking water

et al. 1992

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Isolation and identification of the bacteria from a hydrogenotrophic reactor for the denitrification of drinking water revealed that several microorganisms are involved. Acinetobacter sp., Aeromonas sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Shewanella putrefaciens were repeatedly isolated from the hydrogenotrophic sludge and postulated to be of primary importance in the process. Nitrate reduction to nitrite appears to be a property of a diverse group of organisms. Nitrite reduction was found to be stimulated by the presence of organic growth factors. Thus, in a mixed culture, hydrogenotrophic denitrification reactor, NO inf2 (sup-) formed by NO inf3 (sup-) -reducers can be converted by true denitrifiers thriving on organic growth factors either present in the raw water, or excreted by the microbial community. Mixotrophic growth also contributes to NO inf2 (sup-) reduction. Finally, chemolithotrophic bacteria participate in the nitrite to nitrogen gas conversion.

show abstract

Section: Assimilable Organic Carbon Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed culture hydrogenotrophic nitrate reduction in drinking water

et al. 1992

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One process is responsible for an AOC elimination and the other for an AOC production. Many studies describe a decrease of AOC by biologically active filters [14][15][16], so we suppose that the bioprocesses in the filters of the pilot plant are responsible for an AOC elimination. As TF I and WF sep showed approximately the same biological activity (Fig.…”

Section: Behavior Of Aocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of NOM in Rapid Sand Filters for Removing Iron and Manganese

Korth

Bendinger²,

Czekalla³

et al. 2001

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to examine the Corg flow in rapid sand filter columns for the elimination of iron and manganese, reduced groundwater was treated in a pilot plant consisting of a trickling filter column (TF I) followed by a wet type filter column (WF II) and a separate wet type filter column (WF sep). Additionally the effect of filtration on BOM was studied by measuring AOC and BDOC. The biological processes in TF I and WF sep led to an elimination of iron, ammonia, and manganese. Moreover, the filtration decreased the NOM content. 21% and 23% of the TOC were eliminated in TF I and in WF sep, respectively. WF II caused no significant Corg reduction. The calculation of the Corg flow in the filter columns showed that bacteria took part in the TOC elimination. From the TOC removed, about 24% was eliminated by metabolic activities of the bacterial population whereas 86% was adsorbed onto iron sludge. Similar results were obtained for the TF I column and for the WF sep column as well. The calculated Corg flow was confirmed by the BDOC measurements. The filtration process led to a BDOC decrease. TF I and WF sep reduced appoximately 35% of the biodegradable organic carbon. In contrast there was no significant elimination by WF II. The AOC results suggest that an AOC production and an AOC elimination process exist in rapid sand filters for groundwater treatment. In the trickling filter column significant AOC production was found, whereas in the wet type filter columns AOC elimination was predominating.

show abstract

“…Its decomposition is also known to generate • OH which can oxidize other recalcitrant compounds (von Sonntag and von Gunten 2012). During ozonation, the hydrophobic and aromatic structures of NOM are transformed to lower molecular weight, hydrophilic, and biodegradable compounds (Hammes et al 2006, van der Kooij et al 1989. These oxidation products make a subsequent biofiltration step necessary which is commonly performed using activated carbon as the filter media.…”

Section: Drinking Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In laboratory settings, the extent of biodegradability of organic matter can be evaluated by determining the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) (van der Kooij et al 1989), biodegradable organic carbon (BDOC) (Servais et al 1989), and/or concentrations of readily biodegradable compounds like aldehydes and carboxylic acids , Weinberg et al 1993. In AOC, the growth of test organisms (Pseudomonas fluorescence P-17 and Spirillum NOX) is measured and correlated with the concentration of biodegradable organic carbon (van der Kooij et al 1989).…”

Section: Biodegradable Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reducing disinfection byproduct formation potential using ozonation and biological drinking water treatment

Vera¹,

Andrew²

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The occurrence of natural organic matter (NOM) in source waters presents a concern in water treatment plants due to formation of toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this doctoral thesis, the fate of NOM during ozonation, biofiltration, and chlorination was investigated to identify important aspects in these processes that can be manipulated for better DBP control. Specifically, this thesis studied (1) reaction mechanisms of ozone with dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), an important fraction of NOM that forms nitrogenous DBPs, (2) role of ozone and• OH-mediated attack on NOM and DBP formation during chlorination, and (3) impact of ozonation on biodegradability of DBP precursors.The reaction of ozone with DON (Chapter 4) was observed to produce various transformation products including nitrate (NO 3 -) and ammonium (NH 4 + residual after 24 h = 1 -2 mg/L) as follows: THM4 (37%), HAA8 (44%), CH (107%), HK2 (97%), HAN4 (33%), trichloroacetamide (TCAM, 43%), and AOX (27%), but a decrease in concentrations of THNM2 (43%). Coupling ozonation with biofiltration prior to chlorination effectively lowered the formation potentials of all DBPs including CH, HK2, and THNM2, all of which increased after ozonation. The dynamics of DBP formation potentials during BAC filtration at different EBCTs followed first-order reaction kinetics. Minimum steady-state concentrations were attained at an EBCT of 10 -20 min, depending on the DBP species. The rate of reduction in DBP formation potentials varied among individual species before reaching their minimum concentrations. CH, HK2, and THNM2 had the highest rate constants of between 0.5 and 0.6 min -1 followed by HAN4 (0.4 min -1 ), THM4 (0.3 min -1 ), HAA8 (0.2 min -1 ), and AOX (0.1 min -1 ). Relative to concentrations after ozonation, the reduction in formation potential for most DBPs (e.g., at 15 min EBCT) was less than 50% but was higher than 70% for CH, HK2, and THNM2. The formation of bromine-containing DBPs increased with increasing EBCT likely due to an increase in Br -/DOC ratio.-iv- Dr. Wolfgang Gernjak co-advised me during my PhD candidature and played an integral part in all the chapters of this thesis. He was involved in the initial conceptual thinking, to developing research ideas, identifying appropriate experimental design, and interpreting research data. He also provided critical reviews in all the manuscripts. Declaration by authorDr. Maria José Farré, who was my principal advisor in 2013, is recognized for sharing her expertise in disinfection byproduct research (i.e., from laboratory techniques, instrumentation, and theory). Our regular exchange of viewpoints were essential in the conception of research ideas and approaches related to DBPs. She was also highly involved in the writing and review of manuscripts.Prof. Urs von Gunten, who is a world-leading expert in application of ozone for water treatment, was my host professor during my research visit at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)where I performed the bulk of the experiments repor...

show abstract

The Effects of Ozonation, Biological Filtration and Distribution on the Concentration of Easily Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC) in Drinking Water

Cited by 162 publications

References 9 publications

Mixed culture hydrogenotrophic nitrate reduction in drinking water

Mixed culture hydrogenotrophic nitrate reduction in drinking water

Biodegradation of NOM in Rapid Sand Filters for Removing Iron and Manganese

Reducing disinfection byproduct formation potential using ozonation and biological drinking water treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About