The Effects of Oxidation on the Antithrombotic Properties of Tea Lipids against PAF, Thrombin, Collagen, and ADP

Τσούπρας, Αλέξανδρος; Lordan, Ronan; Harrington, Jack; Pienaar, Rebecca; Devaney, Karen; Heaney, Stephanie; Koidis, Anastasios

doi:10.3390/foods9040385

Cited by 28 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…More specifically, the PL from all these apple-based beverages were found to be less active but within the same order of magnitude when compared to the PL from wine [8] and beer [9,16] against PAF inflammatory and platelet aggregation pathways. Moreover, the activities of PL from both apple juice and cider samples against the PAF pathways are of similar potency with previously reported ones for PL extracts derived from tea [17] and from several other food sources, such as olive oil and fish [2,12,18].…”

Section: Anti-platelet Effects Of Apple Juice and Cider Lipidssupporting

confidence: 85%

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Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives

Τσούπρας

Moran

Pleskach

et al. 2021

Foods

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Several bioactives from fruit juices and beverages like phenolics, nucleotides and polar lipids (PL) have exhibited anti-platelet cardio-protective properties. However, apple juice and cider lipid bioactives have not been evaluated so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory effects and structure activity relationships of Irish apple juice and Real Irish cider lipid bioactives against the platelet-activating factor (PAF)- and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-related thrombotic and inflammatory manifestations in human platelets. Total Lipids (TL) were extracted from low, moderate and high in tannins apple juices and from their derived-through-fermentation cider products, as well as from commercial apple juice and cider. These were separated into neutral lipids (NL) and PL, while all lipid extracts were further assessed for their ability to inhibit aggregation of human platelets induced by PAF and ADP. In all cases, PL exhibited the strongest anti-platelet bioactivities and were further separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis into PL subclasses/fractions that were also assessed for their antiplatelet potency. The PL from low in tannins apple juice exhibited the strongest antiplatelet effects against PAF and ADP, while PL from its fermented cider product were less active. Moreover, the phosphatidylcholines (PC) in apple juices and the phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) in apple ciders were the most bioactive HPLC-derived PL subclasses against PAF-induced platelet aggregation. Structural elucidation of the fatty acid composition by gas chromatography mass spectra (GCMS) analysis showed that PL from all samples are rich in beneficial monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), providing a possible explanation for their strong anti-platelet properties, while the favorable low levels of their omega-6/omega-3 (n-6/n-3) PUFA ratio, especially for the bioactive PC and PE subclasses, further support an anti-inflammatory cardio-protective potency for these apple products. In conclusion, Irish apple juice and Real Irish cider were found to possess bioactive PL compounds with strong antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory properties, while fermentation seems to be an important modulating factor on their lipid content, structures and bioactivities. However, further studies are needed to evaluate these effects.

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Section: Anti-platelet Effects Of Apple Juice and Cider Lipidssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…These PL samples were further tested against the ADP-induced platelet aggregation, showing again potent antiplatelet effects against this pathway too, which was also comparable to previously reported ones for other plant (tea)-and marine-derived food sources (salmon, herring and boarfish) [17,18].…”

Section: Anti-platelet Effects Of Apple Juice and Cider Lipidssupporting

confidence: 81%

Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives

Τσούπρας

Moran

Pleskach

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Furthermore, the presence of PL molecules in these bioactive PL subclasses containing n-3 PUFAs such as DHA, EPA and ALA also enhance their anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic cardioprotective potency, since such bioactive compounds were found to be the ones with the highest antithrombotic potency against the PAF pathway of platelet aggregation in healthy foods [ 23 , 24 ], while only recently it was found that a standard PC containing n-3 PUFA (DHA) possessed strong antithrombotic properties against PAF, ADP, thrombin and collagen, comparable to that of specific antithrombotic drugs such as aspirin and ginkgolides, with higher specificity against the PAF pathway [ 30 ]. Taking this into account, the observed favourable low levels for the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in the most bioactive Irish ale PL subclasses, SM, PE and especially in PC, further support their antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory potential against chronic disorders in which the inflammatory PAF-pathway is implicated, such as CVD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identified diacyl 18:0- sn -2-DHA-PC in the PC subclass of Irish ale is a classic example of such a dietary bioactive PL, since this molecule when previously purchased as a standard (Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA) and tested in human platelets exhibited potent antagonistic (in lower concentrations) and agonistic (in higher concentrations) effects against the PAF pathway of human platelet aggregation [ 30 ]. Notably, its antagonistic effects against the PAF pathway were comparable to those for classic PAF antagonists for the PAF-R, such as ginkgolide molecules from the Ginkgo biloba tree and other potent anti-platelet compounds like aspirin [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Elucidation of Irish Ale Bioactive Polar Lipids with Antithrombotic Properties

et al. 2020

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The structures of bioactive polar lipids (PLs) of Irish ale with potent antithrombotic and cardioprotective properties were elucidated. Ale PL was fractionated by preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) into subclasses, and their antithrombotic effect was assessed against human platelet aggregation induced by the pro-inflammatory mediator, platelet-activating factor (PAF). The fatty acid content and the overall structures of ale PL were elucidated by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Phosphatidylcholines (PC) and molecules of the sphingomyelin (SM) family exhibited the strongest anti-PAF effects, followed by phosphatidylethanolamines (PE). PC contained higher amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and thus the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio. Bioactive diacyl and alkyl-acyl PC and PE molecules bearing n-3 PUFA at their sn-2 position, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) but mostly oleic acid (OA), were identified in both PC and PE subclasses. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was present only in bioactive PC molecules and not in PE, explaining the lower anti-PAF effects of PE. Bioactive sphingolipid and glycolipid molecules with reported anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties, such as specific ceramides and glucosylcerebrosides with sphingosine, phytosphingosine and dihydrosphingosine bases but also specific monogalactodiglycerides and SM species bearing ALA at their sn-2 position, were identified in the SM subclass, providing a rational for its strong bioactivities against the PAF pathway. Further studies are required on the health benefits of bioactive PL from beer and brewery by-products.

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“…Such bioactive PC and PE molecules bearing either the n-3 PUFA ALA or the MUFA OA, either found in several other natural sources, including marine sources [ 21 , 22 , 30 ], or specific standard molecules [ 36 ] with these structures, have been previously identified to possess strong antagonistic and agonistic effects against the PAF pathway of human platelet aggregation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Lipids of Marine Microalga Chlorococcum sp. SABC 012504 with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Thrombotic Activities

et al. 2021

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Microalgae are at the start of the food chain, and many are known producers of a significant amount of lipids with essential fatty acids. However, the bioactivity of microalgal lipids for anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities have rarely been investigated. Therefore, for a sustainable source of the above bioactive lipids, the present study was undertaken. The total lipids of microalga Chlorococcum sp., isolated from the Irish coast, were fractionated into neutral-, glyco-, and phospho-lipids, and were tested in vitro for their anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities. All tested lipid fractions showed strong anti-platelet-activating factor (PAF) and antithrombin activities in human platelets (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging ~25–200 μg of lipid) with the highest activities in glyco- and phospho-lipid fractions. The structural analysis of the bioactive lipid fraction-2 revealed the presence of specific sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols (SQDG) bioactive molecules and the HexCer-t36:2 (t18:1/18:1 and 18:2/18:0) cerebrosides with a phytosphingosine (4-hydrosphinganine) base, while fraction-3 contained bioactive phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules. These novel bioactive lipids of Chlorococcum sp. with putative health benefits may indicate that marine microalgae can be a sustainable alternative source for bioactive lipids production for food supplements and nutraceutical applications. However, further studies are required towards the commercial technology pathways development and biosafety analysis for the use of the microalga.

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The Effects of Oxidation on the Antithrombotic Properties of Tea Lipids against PAF, Thrombin, Collagen, and ADP

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives

Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives

Structural Elucidation of Irish Ale Bioactive Polar Lipids with Antithrombotic Properties

Bioactive Lipids of Marine Microalga Chlorococcum sp. SABC 012504 with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Thrombotic Activities

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