The Effects of Oral Probiotics on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A Clinical Trial Systematic Literature Review

Paquette, Simon; Thomas, Sean C.; Venkataraman, Krishnan; Appanna, Vasu D.; Tharmalingam, Sujeenthar

doi:10.3390/nu15214690

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 64 publications

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“…Recently, microbiomes have come under greater interest for their roles in mediating various aspects of human health and disease [ 7 , 8 ]. The HGM contains at least 100 times the number of genes compared to the human genome [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Impacts of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Gastrointestinal Tract and Gut Microbiome in Mice

Jameus,

Dougherty,

Narendrula

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Radiation therapy for abdominopelvic malignancies often results in damage to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and permanent changes in bowel function. An overlooked component of the pathophysiology of radiation-induced bowel injury is the role of the gut microbiome. The goal of this research was to identify the impacts of acute radiation exposure on the GIT and gut microbiome. C57BL/6 mice exposed to whole-body X-rays (0.1–3 Gy) were assessed for histological and microbiome changes 48 h post-radiation exposure. Within the ileum, a dose of 3 Gy significantly decreased crypt depth as well as the number of goblet cells, but increased overall goblet cell size. Overall, radiation altered the microbial distribution within each of the main phyla in a dose- and tissue-dependent manner. Within the Firmicutes phylum, high dose irradiation resulted in significant alterations in bacteria from the class Bacilli within the small bowels, and from the class Clostridia in the large bowels. The 3 Gy radiation also significantly increased the abundance of bacterial families from the Bacteroidetes phylum in the colon and feces. Overall, we identified various alterations in microbiome composition following acute radiation exposure, which could potentially lead to novel biomarkers for tracking patient toxicities or could be used as targets for mitigation strategies against radiation damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Impacts of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Gastrointestinal Tract and Gut Microbiome in Mice

Jameus,

Dougherty,

Narendrula

et al. 2024

IJMS

Self Cite

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Effect of probiotics at different intervention time on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia. Gut microbiome adjustment plays a positive part in glucose regulation, which has become a hotspot. Probiotics have been studied for their potential to control the gut flora and to treat T2DM. However, the conclusion of its glucose-lowering effect is inconsistent based on different probiotic intervention times.ObjectivesTo comprehensively evaluate how various probiotic intervention times affect glycemic control in people with T2DM.MethodsWe retrieved PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library on randomized controlled trials(RCTs)regarding the impact of probiotics on glycemic control in patients with T2DM from the inception to November 16, 2023. Separately, two researchers conducted a literature analysis, data extraction, and bias risk assessment of the involved studies. We followed the PRISMA guidelines, used RevMan 5.4 software for meta-analysis, and assessed the risk of bias by applying the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews 5.1.0.ResultsWe included eight RCTs with 507 patients. Meta-analysis revealed that the use of probiotics might considerably reduce levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) {mean deviation (MD) = -0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-0.59, -0.07), p = 0.01}, Insulin {standard mean deviation (SMD) = -0.48, 95% CI (-0.74, -0.22), p = 0.0003} and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR){SMD = -1.36, 95% CI (-2.30, -0.41), p = 0.005} than placebo group. No statistically significant differences were found regarding fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body mass index (BMI) {SMD = -0.39, 95% CI (-0.83, 0.05), p = 0.08}, {SMD = -0.40, 95% CI (-1.07, 0.27), p = 0.25}, respectively. Subgroup analyses, grouped by intervention times, showed that six to eight weeks of intervention improved HbA1c compared to the control group (p < 0.05), both six to eight weeks and 12-24 weeks had a better intervention effect on Insulin, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05).In contrast, there was no statistically significant variation in the length between FBG and BMI regarding duration.ConclusionThis meta-analysis found probiotics at different intervention times play a positive role in modulating glucose in T2DM, specifically for HbA1c in six to eight weeks, Insulin and HOMA-IR in six to eight weeks, and 12-24 weeks. To confirm our findings, further excellent large-sample research is still required.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42023483325.

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Probiotic Functions in Fermented Foods: Anti-Viral, Immunomodulatory, and Anti-Cancer Benefits

Pyo,

Kwon,

Jung

2024

Foods

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Fermented foods can provide many benefits to our health. These foods are created by the action of microorganisms and help support our digestive health and immune system. Fermented foods include yogurt, kimchi, pickles, kefir, beer, wine, and more. Fermented foods contain probiotics, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast, organic acids, ethanol, or antimicrobial compounds, which help balance the gut microbiome and improve digestive health. Fermented foods can also benefit your overall health by increasing the diversity of your gut microbiome and reducing inflammation. By routinely consuming fermented foods with these benefits, we can continue to improve our health. Probiotics from fermented foods are beneficial strains of bacteria that are safe for human health and constitute an important component of human health, even for children and the elderly. Probiotics can have a positive impact on your health, especially by helping to balance your gut microbiome and improve digestive health. Probiotics can also boost your immune system and reduce inflammation, which can benefit your overall health. Probiotics, which can be consumed in the diet or in supplement form, are found in many different types of foods and beverages. Research is continuing to investigate the health effects of probiotics and how they can be utilized. The potential mechanisms of probiotics include anti-cancer activity, preventing and treating immune system-related diseases, and slowing the development of Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington’s disease. This is due to the gut–brain axis of probiotics, which provides a range of health benefits beyond the digestive and gastrointestinal systems. Probiotics reduce tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukins through the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. They have been shown to protect against colon cancer and colitis by interfering with the adhesion of harmful bacteria in the gut. This article is based on clinical and review studies identified in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar, and a systematic review of clinical studies was performed.

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The Effects of Oral Probiotics on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A Clinical Trial Systematic Literature Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Acute Impacts of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Gastrointestinal Tract and Gut Microbiome in Mice

Acute Impacts of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Gastrointestinal Tract and Gut Microbiome in Mice

Effect of probiotics at different intervention time on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Probiotic Functions in Fermented Foods: Anti-Viral, Immunomodulatory, and Anti-Cancer Benefits

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