The effects of omega-3 fatty acids monotherapy in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A preliminary randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study

Chiu, Chih Chiang; Su, Kuan Pin; Cheng, Tsung‐Chi; Liu, Hsing Cheng; Chang, Ching Jui; Dewey, Michael; Stewart, Robert; Huang, Shih‐Yi

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.05.015

Cited by 333 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Because these sources of omega-3 fatty acids are suggested to be most effective in delaying cognitive decline (23,28,29), a low EPA/DHA-intake might have contributed to our negative findings, yet the evidence is still unequivocal (see e.g., 46 for positive results on olive oil, however, this might also depend on other, non-UFA ingredients in olive oil). Therefore, future studies have to further evaluate the effects of different UFAs on cognitive functions on the aging brain in health and disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…It has been further proposed by epidemiological studies in humans that UFA, provided e.g., by olive oil and sea-fish in the traditional mediterranean diet, exert a risk-lowering effect for AD and cognitive impairment (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Recently, 2 interventional studies reported a significant cognitive improvement in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after intake of omega-3 polyUFA supplements vs. placebo (28,29). However, inconclusive or negative findings from animal and observational studies have also been reported for CR (e.g., 30,31,32) and UFAs (33,34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence drawn from prospective interventional trials in humans is still missing (CR) or scarce (UFA, 28,29). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate cognitive effects of a diet low in calories or high in UFAs in healthy elderly individuals (for a flowchart, see Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Caloric restriction improves memory in elderly humans

Witte¹,

Fobker²,

Gellner³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

488

378

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Animal studies suggest that diets low in calories and rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) are beneficial for cognitive function in age. Here, we tested in a prospective interventional design whether the same effects can be induced in humans. Fifty healthy, normal- to overweight elderly subjects (29 females, mean age 60.5 years, mean body mass index 28 kg/m2) were stratified into 3 groups: (i) caloric restriction (30% reduction), (ii) relative increased intake of UFAs (20% increase, unchanged total fat), and (iii) control. Before and after 3 months of intervention, memory performance was assessed under standardized conditions. We found a significant increase in verbal memory scores after caloric restriction (mean increase 20%; P < 0.001), which was correlated with decreases in fasting plasma levels of insulin and high sensitive C-reactive protein, most pronounced in subjects with best adherence to the diet (all r values < −0.8; all P values <0.05). Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor remained unchanged. No significant memory changes were observed in the other 2 groups. This interventional trial demonstrates beneficial effects of caloric restriction on memory performance in healthy elderly subjects. Mechanisms underlying this improvement might include higher synaptic plasticity and stimulation of neurofacilitatory pathways in the brain because of improved insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammatory activity. Our study may help to generate novel prevention strategies to maintain cognitive functions into old age

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Caloric restriction improves memory in elderly humans

Witte¹,

Fobker²,

Gellner³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

488

378

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Two placebo-controlled RCTs did not demonstrate a benefit of omega-3 fatty acid in delaying the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. [143][144] In one study, subgroup analysis in A A A those with very mild cognitive dysfunction (MMSE >27) revealed a significant reduction in MMSE decline rate. 144 A Cochrane review did not show any benefit of omega-3 fatty acid in the prevention of dementia.…”

Section: Grade B Level 1 +mentioning

confidence: 98%

Systematic review of recent dementia practice guidelines

2014

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Level Type of Evidence + +High quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), or RCTs with a very low risk of bias. +Well conducted meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a low risk of bias. -Meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a high risk of bias + +High quality systematic reviews of case control or cohort studies. High quality case control or cohort studies with a very low risk of confounding or bias and a high probability that the relationship is causal 2 + Well conducted case control or cohort studies with a low risk of confounding or bias and a moderate probability that the relationship is causal -Case control or cohort studies with a high risk of confounding or bias and a significant risk that the relationship is not causal 3Non-analytic studies, e.g. case reports, case series 4 Expert opinion Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation Statement of IntentThese guidelines are not intended to serve as a standard of medical care. Standards of medical care are determined on the basis of all clinical data available for an individual case and are subject to change as scientific knowledge advances and patterns of care evolve.The contents of this publication are guidelines to clinical practice, based on the best available evidence at the time of development. Adherence to these guidelines may not ensure a successful outcome in every case. These guidelines should neither be construed as including all proper methods of care, nor exclude other acceptable methods of care. Each physician is ultimately responsible for the management of his/her unique patient, in the light of the clinical data presented by the patient and the diagnostic and treatment options available. ForewordDementia represents a major public health concern in Singapore and worldwide. Being the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, dementia is expected to affect 55,000 patients in Singapore by the year 2020. The commonest cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease with vascular dementia being the next most important cause. Right from the stage of mild dementia up to the stages of severe dementia, this condition poses a significant health and socio-economic burden to patients, caregivers and the nation as a whole. Early diagnosis will allow appropriate use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. Along with disease stabilization, efforts to address caregiver burden, patient safety and medico legal concerns should form the principles of management. Clear practise guidelines will allow holistic and optimal care in dementia.I am pleased to present the revised clinical practise guidelines for dementia. In this regard the workgroup has performed a thorough review of the existing literature to recommend both pharmacological and nonpharmacological aspects of management for patients ranging from mild cognitive impairment to severe dementia. This revised guidelines also highlights issues related to the management of mild cognitive impairment, young onset dementia and e...

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“…Algunos meta-análisis afirman que la ingesta de AGPI w-3 puede ayudar a prevenir el DC en personas de edad avanzada [8][9][10][11] y otros apuntan en sentido contrario [12][13][14] . Igualmente, se observan diferentes resultados en sujetos con deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) respecto a los ya diagnosticados de EA 15,16 . Ninguna de estas revisiones, sin embargo, han evaluado específicamente si los AGPI w-3 son beneficiosos para la prevención del DC en personas de edad avanzada.…”

Section: Departamento De Medicina Preventiva Y Saludunclassified

Does Omega-3 supplementation after the age of 65 influence cognitive function? Results of a systematic review

Baleztena

Araña²,

Bes–Rastrollo³

et al. 2017

An Sist Sanit Navar

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Fundamento. El porcentaje de población de edad avanzada aumenta progresivamente y con ello las enfermedades asociadas a la edad como el deterioro cognitivo (DC) y la demencia. Distintos estudios sugieren que dietas ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 (AGPI w-3) pueden reducir el riesgo de DC y demencia. El objetivo fue evaluar si existe evidencia sobre la relación entre la suplementación con AGPI w-3 en pacientes ≥ 65 años y la función cognitiva. Material y métodos.Se recuperaron 582 artículos relacionados con ácidos grasos o AGPI w-3 y DC o demencia y se incluyeron seis estudios en esta revisión.resultados. Los estudios son heterogéneos respecto a población estudiada, medición de la exposición y desenlace, no pudiendo realizarse una síntesis cuantitativa. Dos encontraron que la suplementación con AGPI w-3 prevenía la enfermedad de Alzheimer y mejoraba el rendimiento cognitivo. Dos encontraron mejoría solo en la clasificación analógica visual y fluencia verbal y otros dos no encontraron evidencia de protección. Conclusiones.No se encontró evidencia para sustentar o negar que la suplementación con AGPI w-3 a partir de los 65 años mejora el rendimiento cognitivo o previene la demencia.Palabras clave. Ácidos grasos Omega-3. Deterioro cognitivo. Demencia. Envejecimiento. ABsTrACTBackground. The percentage of the older population is progressively increasing as are diseases associated with aging such as cognitive decline (CD) and dementia. Observational epidemiological studies suggest that diets rich in omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w3-PU-FA) might reduce the risk of CD and dementia.Methods. We used the PubMed data base to search for articles related to w3-PUFA and CD or dementia. Initially we identified 582 articles, after applying the eligibility criterion we included six studies in this systematic review.results. The studies included were heterogeneous regarding population, measurement of exposure and outcome. Therefore, it was not possible to conduct a quantitative analysis. Two studies found that w3-PUFA supplementation decreased the risk of Alzheimer and improved cognitive performance. Two studies found an improvement in only one of the domains of cognitive performance (visual analogical classification and verbal fluency) and another two did not find any evidence of protection. Conclusions.We found few studies to support or refute the evidence that w3-PUFA supplementation in patients aged 65 or older improves cognitive performance or prevents dementia.Keywords. Fatty Acids. Omega-3. Cognitive Impairment. Dementia. Aging. Financiación: Para este trabajo no se han obtenido becas ni ayudas económicas. Conflictos de intereses:Los autores declaran que no existe ninguna relación financiera que pudiera dar lugar a conflicto de intereses en relación con el artículo.

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The effects of omega-3 fatty acids monotherapy in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A preliminary randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study

Cited by 333 publications

References 39 publications

Caloric restriction improves memory in elderly humans

Caloric restriction improves memory in elderly humans

Systematic review of recent dementia practice guidelines

Does Omega-3 supplementation after the age of 65 influence cognitive function? Results of a systematic review

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