The effects of ocean feedback on tropical cyclone energetics under idealized air‐sea interaction conditions

Ma, Zhanhong; Fei, Jianfang; Huang, Xiaogang; Cheng, Xiaoping

doi:10.1002/jgrd.50780

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As seen in Figure 7b, a considerable part of MSE extracted from the ocean has been transported from the boundary layer into the troposphere to fuel the TC engine. The peak values of upward propagation occur outside the eyewall, similar to the θ e budget in Ma et al [12]. Of interest is that the upward fluxes at the top of the boundary layer overtake the surface fluxes in the cold pool of MSE, which could lead to a decreased boundary-layer MSE in that region, as shown in Figure 7a.…”

Section: Column Mse Budgetsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…outside the eyewall, similar to the θe budget in Ma et al [12]. Of interest is that the upward fluxes at the top of the boundary layer overtake the surface fluxes in the cold pool of MSE, which could lead to a decreased boundary-layer MSE in that region, as shown in Figure 7a.…”

Section: Column Mse Budgetsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Rather than directly measuring the behavior of MSE, it is more often replaced by an approximately equivalent term, equivalent potential temperature (θ e ), when examining the thermodynamics of convection systems [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Although this study illustrates that this interchangeable approximation has limitations, the characteristics of θ e do have implications for understanding MSE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of Moist Static Energy in a Simulated Tropical Cyclone

2019

Atmosphere

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The characteristics of moist static energy (MSE) and its budget in a simulated tropical cyclone (TC) are examined in this study. Results demonstrate that MSE in a TC system is enhanced as the storm strengthens, primarily because of two mechanisms: upward transfer of surface heat fluxes and subsequent warming of the upper troposphere. An inspection of the interchangeable approximation between MSE and equivalent potential temperature (θe) suggests that although MSE is capable of capturing overall structures of θe, some important features will still be distorted, specifically the low-MSE pool outside the eyewall. In this low-MSE region, from the budget analysis, the discharge of MSE in the boundary layer may even surpass the recharge of MSE from the ocean. Unlike the volume-averaged MSE, the mass-weighted MSE in a fixed volume following the TC shows no apparent increase as the TC intensifies, because the atmosphere becomes continually thinner accompanying the warming of the storm. By calculating a mass-weighted volume MSE budget, the TC system is found to export MSE throughout its lifetime, since the radial outflow overwhelms the radial inflow. Moreover, the more intensified the TC is, the more export of MSE there tends to be. The input of MSE by surface heat fluxes is roughly balanced by the combined effects of radiation and lateral export, wherein a great majority of the imported MSE is reduced by radiation, while the export of MSE from the TC system to the environment accounts for only a small portion.

show abstract

Section: Column Mse Budgetsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Column Mse Budgetsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of Moist Static Energy in a Simulated Tropical Cyclone

2019

Atmosphere

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, Reference [41] discussed the role of latent and sensible heat fluxes in the instability of the boundary layer, in which enhanced fluxes lead to instability and contribute to vigorous convection. Other authors [42,43] emphasized that the tropical cyclones extract latent energy from the ocean through latent heating and release it into the atmosphere through the convective clouds. Thus, a part of the latent heat released acts to increase the kinetic energy of the system.…”

Section: Synoptic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Features and Adverse Weather of the Named Subtropical Cyclones over the Southwestern South Atlantic Ocean

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work documents the main features of six subtropical cyclones occurred between the years 2010 and 2016 over the southwestern South Atlantic Ocean, near the Brazilian coast, which received names (with the exception of one) from the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center. The fine-resolution ERA5 reanalysis and rainfall estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) were used to describe the synoptic environment and the adverse weather conditions during the six events. The support of a small-amplitude trough at mid-levels or a cut-off low, weak vertical wind shear, and moisture flux convergence are the main features contributing to the subtropical cyclogenesis at the surface. On the other hand, sea surface temperature (SST) presents a secondary contribution since the cyclones develop over the ocean with a wide range of SST values (from 22.5 °C to 28.6 °C in the initial phase of cyclones). The six subtropical cyclones are less deep in the atmosphere column than the tropical ones and, unlike the extratropical cyclones, they have little or no westward tilt with an increase in height. The studied subtropical cyclones produced adverse weather conditions such as (a) strong winds (reaching 17 m·s−1 at 10 m high) for a long period occurring east/southeastward of the cyclone center, and (b) high amounts of rainfall along the southeastern coast of Brazil, where the accumulated rainfall varied between 170 to 350 mm, being in most cases higher than the monthly climatology. Over the continent, the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo were the most affected by the intense rainfall associated with the cyclones.

show abstract

“…A majority of Typhoon-Ocean interaction studies focused on the processes how the atmosphere acts on ocean. However, previous investigations showed that TCs-induced sea surface temperature (SST) cooling could feedback on their intensity (Lloyd and Vecchi, 2011;Vincent et al, 2012;Ma et al, 2013). Emanuel (1999) argued that the air-sea enthalpy difference decides the intensity of a TC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of barrier layer in the developing phase of “Category 6” super typhoon Haiyan

Zhang¹,

Chen²,

Du³

2017

Satell Oceanogr Meteorol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the remarkable intensity of 170 knots, Typhoon Haiyan starts as a tropical depression on November 3 and develops to the peak as super tropical cyclone (TC) on November 7 in 2013. This intensity makes Haiyan one of the strongest TCs record ever observed and 35 knots higher than the maximum of the existing highest category. Haiyan originated from the eastern part of the Northwest Pacific Warm Pool and moved westward over warm water with a thick barrier layer (BL). The BL reduced the vertical mixing and entrainment caused by Haiyan and prevented the cold thermocline water into the mixed layer (ML). As a result, sea temperature cooling associated with wind stirring was suppressed. Relative high sea surface temperature (SST) kept fueling Haiyan via latent heat flux release, which favored the rapid development of a “Category 6” super typhoon.

show abstract

The effects of ocean feedback on tropical cyclone energetics under idealized air‐sea interaction conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Evaluation of Moist Static Energy in a Simulated Tropical Cyclone

Evaluation of Moist Static Energy in a Simulated Tropical Cyclone

Key Features and Adverse Weather of the Named Subtropical Cyclones over the Southwestern South Atlantic Ocean

Role of barrier layer in the developing phase of “Category 6” super typhoon Haiyan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About