The effects of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and disorder-relevant stimuli on the dynamics of selective attention

Putter, Laura M.S. De; Koster, Ernst H. W.

doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.09.001

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Previous studies have revealed biases toward contamination-related material on the Stroop task (Foa, Ilai, McCarthy, Shoyer, & Murdock, 1993; Tata, Leibowitz, Prunty, Cameron, & Pickering, 1996) and with eye tracking during free viewing (Armstrong, Sarawgi, & Olatunji, 2012). However, other studies have found no evidence for an attentional bias toward contamination-related material (De Putter & Koster, 2017). Support for disgust-related biases is mixed.…”

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confidence: 90%

“…Studies show that individuals with heightened contamination fear report feelings of disgust when confronted with contaminationrelated stimuli (Deacon & Olatunji, 2007;Olatunji, Lohr, Sawchuk, & Tolin, 2007), display greater behavioral avoidance of disgusting objects than nonfearful and anxious individuals (Olatunji, Sawchuk, Lohr, & de Jong, 2004;Olatunji et al, 2007;Tsao & McKay, 2004), and describe threat-relevant objects as disgusting rather than frightening (Olatunji & Sawchuk, 2005;Tolin, Worhunsky, & Maltby, 2004) Previous studies have revealed biases toward contamination-related material on the Stroop task (Foa, Ilai, McCarthy, Shoyer, & Murdock, 1993;Tata, Leibowitz, Prunty, Cameron, & Pickering, 1996) and with eye tracking during free viewing (Armstrong, Sarawgi, & Olatunji, 2012). However, other studies have found no evidence for an attentional bias toward contamination-related material (De Putter & Koster, 2017). Support for disgust-related biases is mixed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evidence for an attention bias toward disgust in contamination fear

Olafsson

Friðriksdóttir

Sveinsdóttir

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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Although attention biases are common in various anxiety disorders, there is no consensus yet regarding attentional bias in obsessive–compulsive disorder. We assessed attention bias toward images involving contamination and disgust using an emotional attentional blink paradigm in a sample of university students high (HCF) or low (LCF) in contamination fear. Neutral, general-threat-, contamination-, and disgust-related images (T1) were presented followed by a discrimination task (T2) 200, 500, or 800 ms later within a rapid serial visual presentation stream of 20 images. The HCF group was overall less accurate on the attentional blink task. Response accuracy differed by image type and lag in the two groups at the trend level and revealed a large drop in performance 200 ms following presentation of disgusting images in the HCF group. No such differences were observed at later lags in the task. There were increases in negative affect following the task for the HCF but not the LCF group, which were correlated with contamination fear scores. The results suggest that a disgust-related attention bias may be present at early stages of information processing in people with contamination fear.

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confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for an attention bias toward disgust in contamination fear

Olafsson

Friðriksdóttir

Sveinsdóttir

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the fourth most common psychiatric disorder following depression, alcohol dependence, and phobia, with obsessions and compulsions as the main symptoms (De Putter and Koster, 2017). The lifetime prevalence of OCD is 1-3%, and the 12month prevalence in China is 1.63% (Huang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Cognitive Fusion, Experiential Avoidance, and Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in Patients With Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Xiong

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship among cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods: A total of 118 outpatient and inpatient patients with OCD and 109 healthy participants, gender- and age-matched, were selected using cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ), acceptance and action questionnaire−2nd edition (AAQ-II), Yale–Brown scale for obsessive–compulsive symptoms, Hamilton anxiety scale, and Hamilton depression scale for questionnaire testing and data analysis.Results: The levels of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in the OCD group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). Regression analysis results showed that, in predicting the total score of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, AAQ-II (β = 0.233, P < 0.05) and CFQ (β = 0.262, P < 0.01) entered the equation, which explained 17.1% variance. In predicting anxiety, only AAQ-II (β = 0.222, P < 0.05) entered the equation, which explained 13% variance. In the prediction of depression, AAQ-II (β = 0.412, P < 0.001) entered the equation, which explained 17.7% variance.Conclusion: Cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance may be important factors for the maintenance of OCD, and experiential avoidance can positively predict the anxiety and depression of OCD patients.

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“…OCD is characterized by recurrent and distinctive obsessions and/or compulsions and causes significant problems for patients and their families. OCD is one of the most common mental health disorders in the world 2 . OCD reduces the quality of life, increases the recourse of care services, and impairs social functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium: a potential therapeutic strategy in obsessive–compulsive disorder by targeting the canonical WNT/β pathway

Vallée

Lecarpentier³

2021

Transl Psychiatry

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized b–y recurrent and distinctive obsessions and/or compulsions. The etiologies remain unclear. Recent findings have shown that oxidative stress, inflammation, and the glutamatergic pathway play key roles in the causes of OCD. However, first-line therapies include cognitive–behavioral therapy but only 40% of the patients respond to this first-line therapy. Research for a new treatment is mandatory. This review focuses on the potential effects of lithium, as a potential therapeutic strategy, on OCD and some of the presumed mechanisms by which lithium provides its benefit properties. Lithium medication downregulates GSK-3β, the main inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. The activation of the WNT/β-catenin could be associated with the control of oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway. Future prospective clinical trials could focus on lithium and its different and multiple interactions in OCD.

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The effects of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and disorder-relevant stimuli on the dynamics of selective attention

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Evidence for an attention bias toward disgust in contamination fear

Evidence for an attention bias toward disgust in contamination fear

Relationship Between Cognitive Fusion, Experiential Avoidance, and Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in Patients With Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Lithium: a potential therapeutic strategy in obsessive–compulsive disorder by targeting the canonical WNT/β pathway

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