The effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19-related mortality: A generalized synthetic control approach across 169 countries

Mäder, Sebastian; Rüttenauer, Tobias

doi:10.31235/osf.io/v2ef8

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This means that measures aimed at mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic might promote risk factors for catching the coronavirus, if these measures trigger stress www.nature.com/scientificreports/ among the broader public, and thereby backfire on a large scale. Distress might at least partly offset beneficial health consequences of governmental measures 36 . Reducing distress should therefore be key in policy-making aiming to safeguard public health, and even more so during repeated lockdowns that accumulate stressors into constant emotional exhaustion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

Ellwardt

Präg

2021

Sci Rep

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The COVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation measures by governments have upended the economic and social lives of many, leading to widespread psychological distress. We explore heterogeneity in trajectories of psychological distress during the pandemic in the United Kingdom and relate this heterogeneity to socio-demographic and health factors. We analyze nine waves of longitudinal, nationally representative survey data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study ($$N=15{,}914$$ N = 15 , 914 ), covering the period from early 2020 to mid-2021. First, latent class mixture modelling is used to identify trajectories of psychological distress. Second, associations of the trajectories with covariates are tested with multinomial logistic regressions. We find four different trajectories of distress: continuously low, temporarily elevated, repeatedly elevated, and continuously elevated distress. Nearly two fifths of the population experienced severely elevated risks of distress during the pandemic. Long-term distress was highest among younger people, women, people living without a partner, those who had no work or lost income, and those with previous health conditions or COVID-19 symptoms. Given the threat of persistent stress on health, policy measures should be sensitized to the unintended yet far-reaching consequences of non-pharmaceutical interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

Ellwardt

Präg

2021

Sci Rep

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“…This means that measures aimed at mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic might promote risk factors for catching the coronavirus, if these measures trigger stress among the broader public, and thereby backfire on a large scale. Distress might at least partly offset beneficial health consequences of governmental measures (Mader and Rüttenauer, 2021). Reducing distress should therefore be key in policy-making aiming to safeguard public health, and even more so during repeated lockdowns that accumulate stressors into constant emotional exhaustion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Mental Health Development During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom

Ellwardt

Praeg

2021

Preprint

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Aim. The COVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation measures by governments have upended the economic and social lives of many, leading to widespread psychological distress. However, how distress developed during the pandemic and who was most affected is poorly understood. We explore heterogeneity in trajectories of psychological distress during the first six months of the pandemic in the United Kingdom and relate this heterogeneity to socio-demographic and health factors. Subjects and Methods. We analyze six waves of longitudinal, nationally representative survey data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (N = 15,218), covering the first lockdown in 2020. First, latent class mixture modelling (LCCM) is used to identify trajectories of psychological distress. Second, associations of the trajectories with covariates are tested with multinomial logistic regressions. Results. We find four different trajectories of distress: continuously low, continuously moderate, temporarily elevated, and continuously elevated distress. One-fifth of the population experienced severely elevated risks of distress. Long-term exposure was highest among younger people, women, those who lost income, and those with previous health conditions or COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusion. Given the threat of persistent stress on health, policy measures should be sensitized to the unintended yet far-reaching consequences of non-pharmaceutical interventions.

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“…Finally, it reduces the risk of overfitting the synthetic control group by embedding a cross-validation scheme which automatically selects the number of latent factors. The GSC method has been used previously to examine the effects of policy on health-related outcomes (Deng and Zheng, 2020; Mader and Rüttenauer, 2021; Wigley et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State naloxone co-prescribing laws show mixed effects on overdose mortality rates

Duska

Rhoads

Saunders

et al. 2022

Drug Science, Policy and Law

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Objective To examine the relative changes in opioid overdose mortality rates between states that have and have not adopted naloxone co-prescribing laws. Methods We performed a synthetic control analysis. National Vital Statistics data for the years 2012–2018 were analysed, and five states with naloxone co-prescribing laws were examined: Arizona, Florida, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia. Opioid overdose-related deaths were identified through cause-of-death ICD-10 codes. Results Our pooled analysis for all opioid-related deaths showed no significant changes in opioid-related mortality rates in treated states, post naloxone co-prescribing law adoption (−0.05; 95% CI: −0.43, 0.33). Rates of other and unspecified narcotic-related mortality rates in Rhode Island were found to have decreased post-law adoption (−0.13; 95% CI: −0.25, −0.00). Conclusions These findings suggest that naloxone co-prescribing laws were not associated with changes to overall opioid overdose mortality rates, post-law adoption, during the study period. However, Rhode Island did see a decrease in other and unspecified narcotic-related mortality rates post-law adoption. This is perhaps due to the comprehensive nature of the state's law. As overall rates of naloxone co-prescribing remain low, interventions to enhance naloxone prescribing and distribution may be necessary for co-prescribing laws to impact opioid-related mortality rates.

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The effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19-related mortality: A generalized synthetic control approach across 169 countries

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

Heterogeneous Mental Health Development During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom

State naloxone co-prescribing laws show mixed effects on overdose mortality rates

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