The effects of nitrous oxide on the central endogenous pro-opiomelanocortin system in the rat

Zuniga, John R.; Joseph, Shirley A.; Knigge, Karl M.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90239-3

Cited by 40 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Compared to room air-exposed rats, animals exposed to 75% N2O in O2for 60 min had significant (12-18%) increases in the concentrations of ME-like immunoreactivity in the brainstem, spinal cord, hypothalamus and corpus striatum but not in the cerebral cortex or diencephalon (Quock et al, 1986), although a similar study showed no effect of N2O on ME levels (Morris and Livingston, 1984). In rats exposed to N2O in O2for 60 min, there was a concentration-related increase in levels of β-endorphin in the medial basal hypothalamus and the periaqueductal gray, which are sites along the neuroaxis functionally involved with analgesia (Zuniga et al, 1987a). Chronic exposure (8 h/day over one estrous cycle) of female rats to N2O resulted in increased levels of ME in the brainstem and increased levels of β-EP in the pituitary (Kugel et al, 1991).…”

Section: Effects Of General Anesthetics On Concentrations Of Endogenomentioning

confidence: 91%

The role of dialect density in nonword repetition performance: An examination with at-risk African American preschool children

Moyle¹,

Heilmann²,

Finneran³

2014

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

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The Nonword Repetition Task (NRT) is considered to be a less-biased language measure for children from cultural minority groups. In the current study, we examined NRT performance of 50 at-risk, preschool-age children who spoke African American English (AAE). In addition to the NRT, measures included AAE dialect density and several standardised language tests. The primary aim was to determine significant contributors to NRT performance. We hypothesised that the language measures would significantly contribute to NRT performance while dialect density would be an insignificant contributor. Contrary to our predictions, dialect density was a unique and significant predictor of NRT performance (in addition to phonological awareness), while the language measures were not significant predictors. The current findings cast doubt on categorising the NRT as a less-biased language assessment for AAE-speaking preschoolers; however, the NRT may have potential as a screener for identifying preschoolers at risk for delays in literacy acquisition.

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Section: Effects Of General Anesthetics On Concentrations Of Endogenomentioning

confidence: 91%

The role of dialect density in nonword repetition performance: An examination with at-risk African American preschool children

Moyle¹,

Heilmann²,

Finneran³

2014

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

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“…Recent studies demonstrating region‐dependent effects of N 2 O on dopamine and/or norepinephrine concentrations or turnover in the brain [7, 8] have provided further direct evidence for the involvement of dopamine and/or norepinephrine in transducing some of N 2 O's effects in the central nervous system. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear, several studies have suggested that N 2 O releases opioid peptides in the central nervous system [9, 10]. In addition, there is much evidence suggesting that N 2 O produces similar physiological effects as opioids [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in understanding the actions and toxicity of nitrous oxide

Maze

Fujinaga

2000

Anaesthesia

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“…This same research team (Zuniga et al, 1987a) also found that exposure to N 2 O increased the concentration of β-endorphin and the level of immunoreactive ACTH 1–39 staining in the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) pathway — both β-endorphin and ACTH 1–39 are cleavage products of POMC. It was also found that the antinociceptive response of rats to N 2 O was significant attenuated by kainic acid lesions of the ventral and caudal PAG (Zuniga et al, 1987c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…N 2 O-induced antinociception in rats is mediated by central opioid mechanisms (Berkowitz et al, 1976, 1977), possibly involving the endogenous opioid peptide β-endorphin (Zuniga et al, 1987a, 1987b). Moreover, the important signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) has also been implicated in the antinociceptive response to N 2 O (McDonald et al, 1994; Ishikawa and Quock, 2003; Li et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to nitrous oxide stimulates a nitric oxide-dependent neuronal release of β-endorphin in ventricular-cisternally-perfused rats

2009

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We have previously shown that the antinociceptive effect of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in the rat hot plate test is sensitive to antagonism by antisera against the endogenous opioid peptide β-endorphin. Moreover, N 2 O-induced antinociception is reduced by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in the brain. To test the hypothesis that N 2 O might stimulate an NO-dependent neuronal release of β-endorphin, we conducted a ventricular-cisternal perfusion with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) in urethane-anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. Ten-min fractions of aCSF perfusate were collected from separate groups of room air-exposed rats, N 2 O-exposed rats, and L-NAME-pretreated, N 2 Oexposed rats; they were then analyzed for their content of NO metabolites and β-endorphin. Compared to room air control, exposure to 70% N 2 O increased perfusate levels of the NO metabolites nitrite and nitrate as well as β-endorphin. Pretreatment of rats with L-N G -nitro arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of NO synthase, prevented the N 2 O-induced increases in nitrite, nitrate and β-endorphin. These findings demonstrate in an in vivo rat model that N 2 O may stimulate an NO-dependent neuronal release of β-endorphin.

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The effects of nitrous oxide on the central endogenous pro-opiomelanocortin system in the rat

Cited by 40 publications

References 52 publications

The role of dialect density in nonword repetition performance: An examination with at-risk African American preschool children

The role of dialect density in nonword repetition performance: An examination with at-risk African American preschool children

Recent advances in understanding the actions and toxicity of nitrous oxide

Exposure to nitrous oxide stimulates a nitric oxide-dependent neuronal release of β-endorphin in ventricular-cisternally-perfused rats

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