The effects of nicotine on locomotor behavior in non-tolerant rats: a multivariate assessment

Jerome, Ann M.; Sanberg, Paul R.

doi:10.1007/bf00187264

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Previous studies assessing the acute effects of i.p. nicotine administration upon locomotion have yielded mixed results (either an increase or a decrease have been reported, see Jerome and Sanberg 1987;Clarke and Kumar 1983). Present data suggest an age-related dissociation in nicotine effects, which can possibly be ascribed to age-related discontinuities in the functional maturation of drug-targeted brain systems (Naeff et al 1992;Teicher et al 1995;Trauth et al 1999).…”

Section: Behavioral/pharmacological Effects Of Oral Nicotinementioning

confidence: 72%

Peculiar Vulnerability to Nicotine Oral Self-administration in Mice during Early Adolescence

Adriani

Macrı̀

Pacifici

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

194

142

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(10 mg/l). After a 6-day period, a fading study was carried out, in which nicotine concentration was reduced to 7 mg/l (days 7-9) and 5 mg/l (days 10-12), to assess whether animals would compensate by increasing their intake from the nicotine solution. In Experiment 2, psychopharmacological effects on locomotion induced by the nicotine solution (0, 10, 30 mg/l) Recent research has emphasized that adolescence is associated with patterns of temporary deviance (Arnett 1992) and the use of various kinds of psychoactive agents (Mathias 1996). Drug abuse in adolescents ranging from 11-12 to 17-18 years of age is likely to start with tobacco smoking, which can be followed by marijuana and/or 1991;Breslau et al. 1993;Nides et al. 1995;Kandel and Chen 2000). Despite the social and scientific importance of deepening our knowledge of this issue (see e.g. Colby et al. 2000), there have been very few investigations on the psychobiological factors contributing to the specific adolescence-related willingness to experience various psychoactive drugs (for a review, see Laviola et al. 1999;Spear 2000). For the purpose of laboratory studies, a suitable animal model of human adolescence is available in rodents. Namely, periadolescence is classically defined as the ontogenetic period that encompasses the week preceding the onset of puberty and the first few days thereafter (Spear and Brake 1983). Periadolescent rodents differ markedly from adults in their spontaneous behavioral repertoire (Cirulli et al. 1996;Terranova et al. 1993;Meaney and Stewart 1981;Panksepp 1981). In fact, elevated levels of novelty seeking and a reduced behavioral and hormonal response to stress (Adriani et al. 1998;Adriani and Laviola 2000) are exhibited by animals around this age. A characteristic hyporesponsivity to the effects of an acute administration of psychostimulants (Spear and Brake 1983;Laviola et al. 1995;Bolanos et al. 1998;Adriani and Laviola 2000), a peculiar pattern of behavioral sensitization following repeated drug exposure (Laviola et al. 1995(Laviola et al. , 2001Adriani et al. 1998), as well as a weak drug-induced place conditioning profile (Adriani et al. 1998;Bolanos et al. 1996Bolanos et al. , 1998 but see Campbell and Spear 2000), are also reported. Based on these findings, an increased vulnerability to the addictive properties of abused drugs has been suggested to be typical of adolescence in both humans and animals models (see Laviola et al. 1999).In the present study, we were interested in nicotine, which beside being the main psychoactive compound implied in tobacco smoking, also shares most of the characteristics of other addictive drugs (Corrigall et al. 1992(Corrigall et al. ,1994Pontieri et al. 1996;Merlo-Pich et al. 1997;Stolerman 1999). Nicotine's effects in mice have been shown to be highly dependent on the genetic background (see Marks et al. 1989;Robinson et al. 1996). However, the interaction between the pharmacological effects and the incentive properties of nicotine during the adolescent period has been largel...

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Section: Behavioral/pharmacological Effects Of Oral Nicotinementioning

confidence: 72%

Peculiar Vulnerability to Nicotine Oral Self-administration in Mice during Early Adolescence

Adriani

Macrı̀

Pacifici

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

194

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Interestingly, when sensitization curves were analyzed, both sexes demonstrated a decrease in vertical rearing when given nicotine, but there were no effects of ontogenetic drug treatment. Both Jerome and Sanberg (1987) and Ksir (1994) have shown that nicotine produced a significant decrease of vertical rearing, although only males were analyzed in both studies. Thus, it appears that in terms of the analysis of sensitization curves, the present results are consistent with these findings but extend these results to include an analysis of both males and females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine sensitization in adult male and female rats quinpirole-primed as neonates

et al. 2008

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“…Nicotine can either increase or decrease locomotion. There is debate in the literature as to what determines the direction of nicotine’s locomotor effects (Jerome and Sanberg 1987), so it is not surprising that the role of age is also debated. Two studies observed increased locomotion in adolescents but decreased locomotion in adults (Vastola et al 2002; Cao et al 2007a).…”

Section: Early Drug Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Are adolescents more vulnerable to drug addiction than adults? Evidence from animal models

et al. 2009

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Background and rationale Epidemiological evidence suggests that people who begin experimenting with drugs of abuse during early adolescence are more likely to develop substance use disorders (SUDs), but this correlation does not guarantee causation. Animal models, in which age of onset can be tightly controlled, offer a platform for testing causality. Many animal models address drug effects that might promote or discourage drug intake and drug-induced neuroplasticity. Methods We have reviewed the preclinical literature to investigate whether adolescent rodents are differentially sensitive to rewarding, reinforcing, aversive, locomotor, and withdrawal-induced effects of drugs of abuse. Results and conclusions The rodent model literature consistently suggests that the balance of rewarding and aversive effects of drugs of abuse is tipped toward reward in adolescence. However, increased reward does not consistently lead to increased voluntary intake: age effects on voluntary intake are drug and method specific. On the other hand, adolescents are consistently less sensitive to withdrawal effects, which could protect against compulsive drug seeking. Studies examining neuronal function have revealed several age-related effects but have yet to link these effects to vulnerability to SUDs. Taken together, the findings suggest factors which may promote recreational drug use in adolescents, but evidence relating to pathological drug-seeking behavior is lacking. A call is made for future studies to address this gap using behavioral models of pathological drug seeking and for neurobiologic studies to more directly link age effects to SUD vulnerability.

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The effects of nicotine on locomotor behavior in non-tolerant rats: a multivariate assessment

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Peculiar Vulnerability to Nicotine Oral Self-administration in Mice during Early Adolescence

Peculiar Vulnerability to Nicotine Oral Self-administration in Mice during Early Adolescence

Nicotine sensitization in adult male and female rats quinpirole-primed as neonates

Are adolescents more vulnerable to drug addiction than adults? Evidence from animal models

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