The effects of nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors on working memory and associated brain function

McClernon, F. Joseph; Froeliger, Brett; Rose, Jed E.; Kozink, Rachel V.; Addicott, Merideth A.; Sweitzer, Maggie M.; Westman, Eric; Wert, Dana M Van

doi:10.1111/adb.12253

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Eleven of nineteen (58%) studies were rated Good or Excellent quality (Supplementary Table 2 provides details on study quality). Seventeen studies included smokers who were abstinent for ≥2 h and two studies (AhnAllen et al, 2015; McClernon et al, 2016) included smokers who were abruptly switched from NNC to VLNC cigarettes for ≥2 h. Ten performance domains were identified across studies: reaction time, short-term memory, sustained attention, inhibitory control, long-term memory, response variability, motor control/functioning, visuospatial processing, learning, and verbal fluency. Most studies measured multiple domains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the nineteen studies, 79% (15/19) reported that performance was significantly worse among those who smoked a VLNC versus NNC cigarette (Rose et al, 2004; AhnAllen et al, 2015; McClernon et al, 2016; Bates et al, 1995; Colrain et al, 1992; Gilbert et al, 1997; Hale et al, 1999; Harrell and Juliano, 2012; Juliano et al, 2011; Kelemen, 2008; Lee et al, 2011; Marzilli et al, 2006; Peters and McGee, 1982; Warburton et al, 1992; Marzilli and Hutcherson, 2002). This effect was observed across 7 of 10 (70%) of the performance domains, including reaction time (73% or 8/11 studies), short-term memory (30% or 3/10), sustained attention (66% or 4/6 studies), inhibitory control (25% or 1/4 studies), long-term memory (100% or 3/3 studies), and response variability (100% or 2/2 studies).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eleven studies examined reaction time (RT) (Rose et al, 2004; AhnAllen et al, 2015; McClernon et al, 2016; Bates et al, 1995; Hale et al, 1999; Harrell and Juliano, 2012; Juliano et al, 2011; Kelemen, 2008; Marzilli et al, 2006; Marzilli and Hutcherson, 2002; Smith et al, 2002), with four examining simple RT and eight examining complex RT. Among the four that examined simple RT, all noted worse performance among those who smoked VLNC compared to NNC cigarettes (AhnAllen et al, 2015; Bates et al, 1995; Marzilli et al, 2006; Marzilli and Hutcherson, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes on behavioral and cognitive performance

Keith

Kurti

Davis

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

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The present systematic review examines whether very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes ameliorate withdrawal-induced impairments in behavioral/cognitive performance. PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science were searched for performance effects of VLNC cigarettes. For inclusion, reports had to be in English, published in a peer-reviewed journal through June 2017, examine VLNC cigarettes (<0.2 mg nicotine yield), include ≥2 hour smoking abstinence or reduced nicotine exposure, and examine performance. 19 of 1243 articles reviewed met inclusion criteria. Poorer performance after smoking VLNC versus normal nicotine content (NNC) cigarettes was observed across 7 of 10 domains, including reaction time (8/11), short-term memory (3/10), sustained attention (4/6), inhibitory control (1/4), long-term memory (3/3 studies), and response variability (2/2). In two studies, combining VLNC smoking with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) resulted in performance that was comparable to performance after NNC smoking. VLNC versus NNC differences were not discerned in motor control/functioning (0/2), visuospatial processing (0/2), learning (0/1), or verbal fluency (0/1). Eleven of nineteen (58%) studies were rated of Good or Excellent quality. Overall, VLNC cigarettes may not fully ameliorate withdrawal-induced disruptions in performance, although this varies by domain, with the strongest evidence for reaction time. Importantly, combining VLNC cigarettes with NRT appears to ameliorate withdrawal that is not reduced by VLNC cigarettes alone. As only 19 studies were identified, many domains are under-investigated. A more thorough evaluation of the extent to which VLNC cigarettes affect withdrawal-impaired performance may be warranted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A review of the effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes on behavioral and cognitive performance

Keith

Kurti

Davis

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is consistent with literature indicating that the ability of tobacco products to improve executive functioning is driven by nicotine, as compared to placebo. 18,23,42,43 This literature would suggest that the smokeless tobacco product that causes the greatest influence on executive function does so as the result of its nicotine content alone. However, it is also known that factors other than nicotine can influence the response to a product [44][45][46] and not all studies of nicotine have found evidence for nicotine alone influencing executive function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Electrophysiological Measures to Assess the Consumer Acceptability of Smokeless Tobacco Products

Buzzell

Das

Cruz‐Cano

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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Introduction: Adequate evaluation of novel tobacco products must include investigation of consumers' psychological response to such products. Traditionally, subjective scales of product liking have been used to assess consumer acceptability of tobacco products. However, subjective scales may miss cognitive changes that can only be captured by direct neurophysiological assessment. The present investigation explored the viability of using electroencephalography (EEG), in combination with traditional subjective measures, to assess consumer acceptability of five smokeless tobacco products. Given previous work linking product liking to arousal/attentional (executive function) enhancement, we focused on EEG measures of attention/arousal to objectively characterize cognitive changes associated with tobacco product use. Methods: During five separate laboratory visits, smokeless tobacco users used Verve discs, Ariva dissolvables, Skoal snuff, Camel snus, or Nicorette lozenges. The N2 and P3b event-related potential components elicited by an oddball task were used to index attentional changes before/after product usage. Additionally, resting state alpha band EEG activity was analyzed before/after product usage to index cortical arousal. Results: Although analyses of the subjective results provided limited inference, analyses of the electrophysiological measures, particularly the alpha suppression measure, revealed robust differences between products. Skoal elicited significantly enhanced alpha suppression compared to all four other products tested. Additionally, alpha suppression was found to correlate positively with subjective measures of satisfaction and psychological reward, but was unrelated to perceived aversion. Conclusions:The present results provide evidence that electrophysiological measures can yield important insights into consumer acceptability of novel tobacco products and are a valuable complement to subjective measures. Implications: This study is the first to employ a combination of electrophysiological measures and traditional subjective assays in order to assess the consumer acceptability of smokeless tobacco products. The results highlight the importance of adopting a multidimensional/multi-method approach to studying the consumer acceptability of tobacco products.

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“…Structural MRI studies have shown that cigarette smoking leads to morphological changes (reflected as changes in fractional anisotropy [FA] and grey and white matter [WM] volume loss) in various brain structures, like the insular cortex, the right cerebellum, the parahippocampus, multiple prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions and the thalamus to name a few [12,13]. Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have revealed that chronic smoking alters the brain activity in regions involved in attention, working memory processes, higher order cognitive processing, anxiety and reward processing [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies on smoking have demonstrated metabolic alterations in N-acetyl aspartate (neuronal marker) and glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter) levels in brain regions associated with reward circuitry, namely, the anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsolateral PFC, the thalamus, and the hippocampus [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Sex-Specific Characteristics of Nicotine Addiction Using Metabolic and Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Bagga¹,

Aigner²,

Cecchetto³

et al. 2018

Eur Addict Res

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Nicotine addiction is known to modulate neurotransmission and alter the brain structure. The detrimental effect of nicotine is more prominent in females as compared to males. This study sought to examine the sex-specific influence of nicotine addiction on gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and the white matter (WM) microstructure. Sixty healthy subjects (smokers/non-smokers) underwent structural and metabolic magnetic resonance imaging scans. Results showed alterations in WM integrity (measured as changes in fractional anisotropy [FA] and GABA in smokers versus non-smokers and females versus males. No overall significant smoking and sex-specific interactions were observed in this study. However, on comparing female smokers with female non-smokers, significantly higher GABA and FA values were observed in female smokers. However, GABA and FA values did not differ significantly when male smokers were compared against male non-smokers. Our results provide a further rationale to investigate the impact of nicotine on central GABAergic function and WM integrity, in particular due to the potential risk for females to experience depressive/anxiety symptoms during smoking cessation.

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The effects of nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors on working memory and associated brain function

Cited by 32 publications

References 43 publications

A review of the effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes on behavioral and cognitive performance

A review of the effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes on behavioral and cognitive performance

Using Electrophysiological Measures to Assess the Consumer Acceptability of Smokeless Tobacco Products

Investigating Sex-Specific Characteristics of Nicotine Addiction Using Metabolic and Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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