The Effects of Nicergoline on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Their Offspring

In this review, we attempt to outline the age-dependent interactions of principal systems controlling the structure and function of the cardiovascular system in immature rats developing hypertension. We focus our attention on the cardiovascular effects of various pharmacological, nutritional, and behavioral interventions applied at different stages of ontogeny. Several distinct critical periods (developmental windows), in which particular stimuli affect the further development of the cardiovascular phenotype, are specified in the rat. It is evident that short-term transient treatment of genetically hypertensive rats with certain antihypertensive drugs in prepuberty and puberty (at the age of 4-10 wk) has long-term beneficial effects on further development of their cardiovascular apparatus. This juvenile critical period coincides with the period of high susceptibility to the hypertensive effects of increased salt intake. If the hypertensive process develops after this critical period (due to early antihypertensive treatment or late administration of certain hypertensive stimuli, e.g., high salt intake), blood pressure elevation, cardiovascular hypertrophy, connective tissue accumulation, and end-organ damage are considerably attenuated compared with rats developing hypertension during the juvenile critical period. As far as the role of various electrolytes in blood pressure modulation is concerned, prohypertensive effects of dietary Na+ and antihypertensive effects of dietary Ca2+ are enhanced in immature animals, whereas vascular protective and antihypertensive effects of dietary K+ are almost independent of age. At a given level of dietary electrolyte intake, the balance between dietary carbohydrate and fat intake can modify blood pressure even in rats with established hypertension, but dietary protein intake affects the blood pressure development in immature animals only. Dietary protein restriction during gestation, as well as altered mother-offspring interactions in the suckling period, might have important long-term hypertensive consequences. The critical periods (developmental windows) should be respected in the future pharmacological or gene therapy of human hypertension.

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Ontogenetic Aspects of Hypertension Development: Analysis in the Rat

Zicha

Kuneš

1999

Physiological Reviews

206

163

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The Effects of Chronic Treatment with Captopril in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and their Offspring

Chadelaud

Moore

Berland

et al. 1984

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension. Part A: Theory and Prac

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Ten consanguine monogamous SHR couples (G1) were treated from their 5th to their 37th week of age with captopril, 50 mg/kg/day i.p. Male rats were treated without interruption. Treatment was withheld in female rats from delivery to weaning. They were compared to ten similar SHR couples which were only daily i.p. injected with the same volume of solvent. Second (G2) generation rats (untreated) were studied. In G1 rats, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) ratio were decreased, while heart rate (HR) was not changed. Plasma renin activity remained unchanged at 37 weeks of age though the treatment was effective. Parental treatment did not reduce SBP and HW/BW ratio in G2 rats. This indicates that reduction of hypertension in SHR is not enough to prevent hypertension development in the offspring of the treated rats.

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The Effects of Nicergoline on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Their Offspring

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Ontogenetic Aspects of Hypertension Development: Analysis in the Rat

Ontogenetic Aspects of Hypertension Development: Analysis in the Rat

The Effects of Chronic Treatment with Captopril in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and their Offspring

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