The effects of N,N-dimethyltryptamine on operant behavior in squirrel monkeys

Cole, John M.; Pieper, W. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00422642

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Clear tolerance has not been reported in animals (Cole and Pieper 1973;Gillin et al 1973;Kovacic and Domino 1976) or in humans (Gillin et al 1976) in the older literature. In the more recent study in humans by Strassman et al (1996), differential effects were observed depending on the studied variable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…DMT appears to be different from other serotonergic psychedelics such as LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin, in terms of its toleranceinducing capacity. While tolerance development to LSD was described over 50 years ago (Isbell et al 1956), tolerance to DMT has not been conclusively demonstrated either in animals (Cole and Pieper 1973;Gillin et al 1973;Kovacic and Domino 1976) or in humans (Gillin et al 1976;Strassman et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Pharmacology of ayahuasca administered in two repeated doses

et al. 2011

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pharmacology of ayahuasca administered in two repeated doses

et al. 2011

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“…E-mail: abdel.ennaceur@gmail.com than one session in screening for potential anxiolytic candidate drugs. Hence, it is possible that an initial reaction to a drug differs from its effects on further uses (Cole & Pieper, 1973;de Wit & Phillips, 2012), and may not predict its therapeutic potential. In addition, examination of the effect of SSRIs on anxiety involves administration of the drug for several days; this implies that animals are repeatedly handled when drugs are given by direct administration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment on anxious behaviour of BALB/c mice in a 3-dimensional maze

Abuhamdah

Hussain

Chazot

et al. 2015

Stress

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Here we used a 3-dimensional (3D) maze, a modification of the radial maze, to assess the effects of treatment for two weeks with a single daily dose of fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) on anxiety in male BALB/c mice. We examined whether anxiolytic effects of fluoxetine can be detected over three daily test sessions. We examined also whether repeated handling associated with chronic treatment interferes with effects of fluoxetine on anxiety responses. The 3D maze comprises nine arms, each connected to an upward inclined bridge radiating from a central platform. In this maze, BALB/c mice cross frequently into the bridges but avoid the arms. This avoidance is used as an index of anxiety. Two separate groups received once a day either saline (SALCH, n = 8) or fluoxetine (FLUCH, n = 8) for 14 days, and up to 30 min before the test during the subsequent 3 days. A third group received saline (SALAC, n = 8) 30 min before the test, once a day for 3 days. SALAC mice did not cross into the arms, and continued this avoidance over 3 sessions. SALCH mice avoided the arms in session 1 whereas FLUCH mice did cross into the arms, and like SALCH mice, increased number of crossings into and time on the arms in subsequent sessions. Fluoxetine evidently had an anxiolytic effect but only in the first session. These results indicate that handling experience decreased fear and anxiety in the mice, which may have masked the anxiolytic effect of fluoxetine in the second and third test sessions.

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“…The simple behavioural effects of DMT in animals have received less attention than studies of its effects on complex behaviour such as operant behaviour (Cole & Pieper, 1973;Kovacic & Domino, 1976). The mechanism of action of DMT also is in doubt, although some studies have suggested direct 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor stimulation by DMT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DMT has been shown to produce psychedelic effects when administered to normal subjects (Szara, 1956;Kaplan, Mandel, Stillman, Walker, Van den Heuval, Gillin & Wyatt, 1974). DMT can be synthesized in the tissues of both man and animals (Axelrod, 1962;Mandell & Morgan, 1971;Saavedra & Axelrod, 1972;Mandel, Prasad, Lopez-Ramos & Walker, 1977), and no apparent tolerance seems to develop on repeated administration of this drug to the cat (Gillin, Cannon & Magyar, 1973) or squirrel monkey (Cole & Pieper, 1973). On the basis of this evidence, DMT has been considered as a possible causative agent in schizophrenia (Rodnight, 1975;Gillin, Kaplan, Stillman & Wyatt, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES INDUCED BY N,N‐DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE IN RODENTS

Jenner¹,

Marsden²,

Thanki³

1980

British J Pharmacology

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I N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in pargyline pretreated rodents induced a dose-dependent behavioural syndrome consisting of hyperactivity, prostration and hindlimb abduction, mild tremor, Straub tail, retropulsion and jerking. 2 In rats pretreated with pargyline, the behavioural syndrome induced by DMT differed from that induced by L-tryptophan or quipazine, in the lack of forepaw treading and head-weaving and in the presence of only mild tremor. 3 The hyperactivity component of the DMT-induced behavioural syndrome in pargyline-pretreated mice was potentiated by cyproheptadine, methergoline, and mianserin, inhibited by cinanserin, haloperidol, pimozide, methiothepin and propranolol, and not affected by 501C67-sulphate and methysergide. 4 The maximal behavioural changes induced by DMT in rats, other than hyperactivity, were unaffected by pretreatment with cyproheptadine, methysergide, and cinanserin. However, propranolol reduced the intensity of all behavioural effects apart from body jerking, and methergoline decreased the duration of prostration. Phenoxybenzamine and haloperidol, in contrast, enhanced prostration. 5 DMT plus pargyline did not induce circling behaviour in mice with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigro-striatal pathway. 6 The DMT-induced behavioural syndrome appears to consist of two components, (a) hyperactivity and (b) other behavioural changes. They differ in their response to drugs affecting brain monoamines. The hyperactivity component may be expressed via dopamine mechanisms, but the other behavioural changes are not. The two behaviours do not respond consistently to drugs believed to alter brain 5-hydroxytryptamine function.

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The effects of N,N-dimethyltryptamine on operant behavior in squirrel monkeys

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Pharmacology of ayahuasca administered in two repeated doses

Pharmacology of ayahuasca administered in two repeated doses

Effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment on anxious behaviour of BALB/c mice in a 3-dimensional maze

BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES INDUCED BY N,N‐DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE IN RODENTS

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