The Effects of Muscle Activity on Human Kinematics and Muscle Response Characteristics – Volunteer Tests for the Validation of Active Human Models

Muggenthaler, Holger; Praxl, Norbert; Adamec, Jiri; Merten, Katja von; Schönpflug, Markus; Graw, Matthias; Schneider, Klaus

doi:10.4271/2006-01-2370

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Particular attention must be paid to the testing systems. Both, the algometer and pendulum, were designed similarly to systems used in other studies (Patrick, 1981;Yamada et al, 1996;Dhaliwal et al, 2002;Saito and Ikeda, 2005;Muggenthaler et al, 2006;Melia et al, 2014Melia et al, , 2019. However, this does not apply to the contact bodies.…”

Section: Experimental Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature research at the beginning of our study revealed that especially limits for the prevention of pain or even slight injuries are rather rare. It turned out that other studies have either examined only a few regions of the human body and/or insignificant small subject groups (Patrick, 1981;Dhaliwal et al, 2002;Muggenthaler et al, 2006;Povse et al, 2011). Most of the studies on the biomechanical consequences of impacts utilized a pendulum as a testing system to apply impact loads to human subjects.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Statistical Model to Determine Biomechanical Limits for Physically Safe Interactions With Collaborative Robots

Behrens

Pliske

Umbreit³

et al. 2022

Front. Robot. AI

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Collaborative robots (cobots) provide a wide range of opportunities to improve the ergonomics and efficiency of manual work stations. ISO/TS 15066 defines power and force limiting (PFL) as one of four safeguarding modes for these robots. PFL specifies biomechanical limits for hazardous impacts and pinching contacts that a cobot must not exceed to protect humans from serious injuries. Most of the limits in ISO/TS 15066 are preliminary, since they are based on unverified data from a literature survey. This article presents a human-subject study that provides new and experimentally verified limits for biomechanically safe interactions between humans and cobots. The new limits are specifically tailored to impact and pinching transferred through blunt and semi-sharp surfaces as they can occur in the event of human error or technical failures. Altogether 112 subjects participated in the study and were subjected to tests with emulated impact and pinching loads at 28 different body locations. During the experiments, the contact force was gradually increased until the load evoked a slightly painful feeling on the subject’s body location under test. The results confirm that the pain thresholds of males and females are different in specific body regions. Therefore, when defining biomechanical limits, the gender difference must be taken into account. A regression model was utilized to incorporate the gender effect as a covariate into a conventional statistical distribution model that can be used to calculate individual limits, precisely fitted to a specific percentile of a mixed group of male and female workers which interacting with cobots.

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Section: Experimental Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Statistical Model to Determine Biomechanical Limits for Physically Safe Interactions With Collaborative Robots

Behrens

Pliske

Umbreit³

et al. 2022

Front. Robot. AI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The set-ups as well as the experimental results will be presented in the following. The application of the experimental results within human model validation is described in [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%