The Effects of Multimodal Feedback and Gender on Task Performance of Stylus Pen Users

Abstract

As various interactive input devices for computers have become available, the role of multimodal feedbacks generated by the devices has gained an increasing emphasis in recent years, with debates surrounding the relative efficiency of different feedback types of input devices. To address this and related issues, the present study conducted a 4 (types of feedback: visual vs. tactile vs. auditory vs. combined feedback) x 2 (gender: male vs. female) within-subject experiment to examine the effects of the type of feedbacks and gender on the efficiency and accuracy of a multimodal stylus pen. Results from the experiment showed that, regardless of the feedback type, males clicked the stylus faster than females while making more errors. A similar pattern was discovered when used the pen for dragging; males completed the dragging task faster than females while producing more errors. Interactions between the feedback type and gender as well as implications and limitations of the present study are discussed.

Neural Efficiency of Human–Robotic Feedback Modalities Under Stress Differs With Gender

“…Furthermore, in the visual feedback condition, women performed better under no stress than stress. It is evident from this study that the optimal combination of feedback modalities depends, in part, on individual characteristics (e.g., gender; Park et al, 2012), and context (e.g., stress; van Huysduynen et al, 2016; Adebiyi et al, 2017). Contrary to our expectations, the visual + haptic feedback modality did not distribute the neural cost across visual and haptic sensory modalities such that cognitive resources required for task execution will be reduced (Wickens, 2002; Sigrist et al, 2013).…”

“…What is the optimal combination of feedback modalities (e.g., visual + haptic or visual + auditory or auditory + haptic or visual + auditory + haptic)? That depends, in part, on the task type (Burke et al, 2006), individual preferences (Koehn and Kuchenbecker, 2015), individual differences (Park et al, 2012), and context (van Huysduynen et al, 2016; Adebiyi et al, 2017). In the surgical robotics domain, surgeons have been found to better characterize tissue via palpation in multi-modal (visual + haptic) feedback than in a single modality (haptic) feedback (Abiri et al, 2018).…”

Usability of the Stylus Pen in Mobile Electronic Documentation

“…Therefore, they found it inconvenient to write a document. If we use a stylus pen in the mobile environment, we will suggest solutions such as multimodal feedback to improve the usability of the stylus as suggested in several previous studies [33][34][35]. In addition, some study participants answered that stylus pens made them tired due to absence of support under their writing hand.…”

User acceptance of long‐term evolution (LTE) services

“…For example, Shin (2007) and Huang and Lin (2007) adopted TAM to explore user acceptance of the internet service and m‐learning via mobiles. In addition, TAM was used to determine the process by which users accepted mobile map and commerce services (Park et al, 2012a, b; Mallat et al , 2006), mobile banking and card systems (Luana and Lin, 2005; Mallat et al , 2006), and mobile settlement systems (Chen, 2008). Given the success of TAM in predicting user acceptance of a newly introduced technology, the present study develops a conceptual model based on TAM in order to predict user acceptance of LTE services.…”

“…Given that mobile phones and services are used for a wide variety of tasks on a regular basis, i.e. map services (Park et al, 2012a, b), mobile learning (Shin et al , 2011), banking (Luana and Lin, 2005), and the internet (Cheong and Park, 2005), research on LTE should be conducted from the psychological perspectives of users rather than the engineering perspectives of developers, and should focus more on the psychological factors of LTE that may contribute to changes in user perceptions of LTE services.…”