Many studies have investigated the effect of alloying elements on the recrystallization behavior of work-hardened austenite. However, the recrystallization behavior of high carbon low alloy steel has not yet been systematically investigated. In this study, the effects of alloying elements (Al, Nb, V, Ti, and B) are examined by means of a double-hit compression test, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation and atom probe tomography (APT) analysis. The following conclusions were obtained:(1) When alloying elements are in solution, Nb and Ti have an equally strong effect on inhibiting recrystallization, followed by V.(2) When the deformation and holding temperature becomes low, the recrystallization is signi cantly inhibited by adding 0.1% V.(3) Fine particles were not observed by APT in the 0.1%V steel, which shows the strong inhibition effect on recrystallization. The solute V content measured by APT decreased as the holding time increased, and recrystallization commenced at the time when relatively coarse precipitates were formed.