The effects of modified alternate-day fasting diet on weight loss and CAD risk factors in overweight and obese women

Eshghinia, Samira; Mohammadzadeh, Fatemeh

doi:10.1186/2251-6581-12-4

Cited by 116 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Compliance is reportedly high (29,37) , with both acute (5) and chronic (29,30,37,40) studies demonstrating a lack of full compensatory hyperphagia following modified fasting days. In overweight/ obese (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)37,38,40,41) or combined healthy/overweight (36) cohorts, the average reported weight-loss through IER (70-100 % energy restriction) has ranged between approximately 4 and 10 % over dieting periods of 4-24 weeks. There are also some data demonstrating the successful applications of IER as a weight-maintenance strategy following weight-loss for periods of up to 1 year (37,39) .…”

Section: Overview and Effects On Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, all IER studies allowing fast day intake have solely measured fasting blood markers of cardiometabolic risk. Some (27,(30)(31)(32)(33)(35)(36)(37)41) but not all of these studies (28,29,34,40) have included CER (standard treatment) or ad libitum (no intervention) control groups, whilst others have compared two or more different IER protocols (35,38,39) . In individuals with T2DM, IER has been shown to improve glycaemic control and lipid profiles (27) .…”

Section: Overview and Effects On Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…100 % energy restriction) every other day, with fasting intervals ranging between 20 and 36 h. However, the long-term sustainability of this alternate day total fasting approach in human subjects is questionable due to the persistent hunger reported (24) . Subsequently, the IER protocols used by most human studies (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41) , and by some rodent studies (11,14,42) , have allowed a small amount of 'fast' day intake, so that energy is substantially (⩾70 %) but not completely restricted. This is often referred to as modified fasting, such that, the term fasting in this IER context denotes periods of severe (total or partial) energy restriction.…”

Section: Overview and Effects On Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most well-studied examples include alternate day modified fasting and the 5:2 diet, which entails two modified fast days a week (Table 1), although many variations exist. Intakes on non-restricted ('feed') days among these studies have ranged from ad libitum (27)(28)(29)(31)(32)(33)(34)36,38) , hypoenergetic (approximately 15-30 % of energy requirements) (34,41) , isoenergetic (30,37,40) or hyperenergetic (approximately 125-175 % of energy requirements) (35,39) . Compliance is reportedly high (29,37) , with both acute (5) and chronic (29,30,37,40) studies demonstrating a lack of full compensatory hyperphagia following modified fasting days.…”

Section: Overview and Effects On Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of intermittent fasting on glucose and lipid metabolism

et al. 2017

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Two intermittent fasting variants, intermittent energy restriction (IER) and time-restricted feeding (TRF), have received considerable interest as strategies for weight-management and/or improving metabolic health. With these strategies, the pattern of energy restriction and/or timing of food intake are altered so that individuals undergo frequently repeated periods of fasting. This review provides a commentary on the rodent and human literature, specifically focusing on the effects of IER and TRF on glucose and lipid metabolism. For IER, there is a growing evidence demonstrating its benefits on glucose and lipid homeostasis in the short-to-medium term; however, more long-term safety studies are required. Whilst the metabolic benefits of TRF appear quite profound in rodents, findings from the few human studies have been mixed. There is some suggestion that the metabolic changes elicited by these approaches can occur in the absence of energy restriction, and in the context of IER, may be distinct from those observed following similar weight-loss achieved via modest continuous energy restriction. Mechanistically, the frequently repeated prolonged fasting intervals may favour preferential reduction of ectopic fat, beneficially modulate aspects of adipose tissue physiology/morphology, and may also impinge on circadian clock regulation. However, mechanistic evidence is largely limited to findings from rodent studies, thus necessitating focused human studies, which also incorporate more dynamic assessments of glucose and lipid metabolism. Ultimately, much remains to be learned about intermittent fasting (in its various forms); however, the findings to date serve to highlight promising avenues for future research.

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Section: Overview and Effects On Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview and Effects On Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview and Effects On Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview and Effects On Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of intermittent fasting on glucose and lipid metabolism

et al. 2017

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“…However, debate regarding the maintainability of such an approach longterm led the authors of one of these first-inman trials to propose that the addition of one small meal on a "fasting" day may improve the long-term acceptability of IER. 33 Subsequent to this, weight-loss trials within human populations [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] as well as some rodent trials 22,27,53,54 have used an array of IER protocols which permit a small energy load to be consumed on the "fast" day, so that energy intake is partially but not completely restricted. The number of ER-days per week and degree of ER of these partial IER protocols has varied between studies, but ultimately this approach entails intermittent periods of very low energy intake, ranging between 15-50 % of energy requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction on Indices of Cardiometabolic Health

Antoni¹,

Johnston²,

Collins³

et al. 2014

ENDO

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Intermittent energy restriction (IER) has become the subject of considerable scientific interest as a potential dietary approach for weight-loss and improving cardiometabolic health. This approach involves intermittent periods of total or partial energy restriction (ER) alternated with non-restricted intake, and has been studied in rodent and human populations.This review aims to provide an overview of the IER literature to date, with a specific focus on its effects on cardiometabolic health indices in rodents and humans.Current evidence from studies in rodents and humans suggests that IER is capable of promoting weight-loss and/or favourably influencing an array of cardiometabolic health indices, with equal or greater efficacy than conventional continuous ER approaches. Putative mechanisms include the effects of IER on adipose tissue physiology, stress resistance and fat distribution within visceral and intra-hepatic sites. However, a large proportion of this mechanistic evidence is limited to indirect observations and/or has come from rodent studies requiring translation into humans. Furthermore, whilst there is some indication that total IER and the array of partial IER protocols which have been developed may elicit distinct biological effects, our knowledge around this is limited as only a small number of rodent studies have directly addressed this.Ultimately, whilst much remains to be learned about IER, including its mechanisms of action and long-term efficacy, the positive findings to date serve to highlight promising avenues for future research.

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Benefits of caloric restriction for cardiometabolic health, including type 2 diabetes mellitus risk

Soare

Weiss

Pozzilli

2014

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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In the United States, life expectancy has markedly increased during the past century, and population ageing is expected to double within the next 25 years. The process of ageing in a population is associated with the development of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, that can be prevented, and even reversed, with the implementation of healthy lifestyle interventions. The evidence to date, consolidated by the numerous epidemiological studies and clinical trials conducted, suggests that caloric restriction is an effective nutritional intervention for preventing most of these age-related conditions. At a metabolic level, caloric restriction with adequate nutrition has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce fasting glucose and insulin concentration and prevent obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and chronic inflammation. The purpose of this article is to review current knowledge of the metabolic and clinical implications of caloric restriction with adequate nutrition for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

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The effects of modified alternate-day fasting diet on weight loss and CAD risk factors in overweight and obese women

Cited by 116 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of intermittent fasting on glucose and lipid metabolism

Effects of intermittent fasting on glucose and lipid metabolism

The Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction on Indices of Cardiometabolic Health

Benefits of caloric restriction for cardiometabolic health, including type 2 diabetes mellitus risk

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