The effects of moderate and vigorous exercise on desire to smoke, withdrawal symptoms and mood in abstaining young adult smokers

Everson, Emma S.; Daley, Amanda; Ussher, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2008.06.001

Cited by 50 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…This is in line with other studies, which have reported an average reduction of 1.4 to 4.1 points in strength of desire to smoke from pre-abstinence to during moderate intensity exercise (Daniel, Cropley, & FifeSchaw, 2007;Everson, Daley, & Ussher, 2008;Janse Van Rensburg et al, 2012;Taylor, Katomeri, & Ussher, 2005). The effect of exercise on average reductions of strength of desire from pre-abstinence to immediately post-condition and from pre-abstinence to 10, 20, and 30 min post-condition was 2.07 (i.e., 29%), 2.14 (i.e., 31%), 1.43 (i.e., 20%), and 1.21 (i.e., 17%), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The effects of acute exercise on tobacco cravings and withdrawal symptoms in temporary abstinent pregnant smokers

Prapavessis

Jesus

Harper

et al. 2014

Addictive Behaviors

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Introduction-Smoking during pregnancy is common, and quitting at any point during pregnancy can yield benefits to both the fetus and mother. Smoking cessation is typically followed by withdrawal symptoms and a strong desire to smoke, both of which are likely to contribute to relapse. Research has shown that a bout of exercise minimizes cravings and tobacco withdrawal symptoms (TWS) after temporary abstinence in smokers, but these findings have not been replicated in pregnant smokers. This study examined the effect of 20 min of exercise on cravings (primary outcome) and TWS (secondary outcomes) among temporary abstinent, inactive pregnant smokers.Methods-Thirty female smokers (Mean(M) age = 25.7 years, Standard Deviation(SD) = 5.5; M weeks pregnant = 18.2, SD = 5.3; Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence = 3.3, SD = 2.2; M 9.3 cigarettes/day, SD = 4.7; M hours abstained = 17.2, SD = 2.8) were randomized to 20 min of mild-to-moderate intensity exercise (EC; n = 14) or passive (PC; n = 16) condition. Cravings and TWS were assessed immediately before, during (at 10 min), immediately post, and at 10, 20, and 30 min post-condition.Results-A 2 (condition) × 6 (time) repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the EC significantly (p < 0.05) reduced cravings (ή 2 = 0.46) compared with the PC, across time. Nonsignificant, but nevertheless, large effects were evident favouring the EC over time for TWS ☆ Editorial board for Addictive Behaviors. *Corresponding author at: University of Western Ontario, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Thames Hall/3M Centre, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7. Tel.: +1 519 661 2111x80173. hprapave@uwo.ca (H. Prapavessis). Contributors HP, GF, PS, MM, and MU conceived the study. SDJ, AC, TH and LF recruited participants and conducted the study in London, ON. MU recruited participants and collected the study in London, England. HP and SDJ ran the statistical analyses and prepared the first draft of the manuscript, which were jointly interpreted and edited by the authors, respectively. All authors contributed to and approved the final version of the manuscript. Conflict of interestMy coauthors and I do not have any personal or financial conflicts of interest related to the research, nor do the authors have other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, this work. CIHR Author ManuscriptCIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript restlessness (ή 2 = 0.34), stress (ή 2 = 0.24), irritability (ή 2 = 0.21), tension (ή 2 = 0.15), and depression (ή 2 = 0.14).Conclusions-Consistent with previous research, this study reveals that in pregnant smokers, a bout of exercise is associated with a reduction in cravings and similar patterns exist for TWS. Therefore, exercise may have the potential to assist in the initial stages of smoking cessation attempts during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The effects of acute exercise on tobacco cravings and withdrawal symptoms in temporary abstinent pregnant smokers

Prapavessis

Jesus

Harper

et al. 2014

Addictive Behaviors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this investigation, exercise at 80% of predicted maximal heart rate was no more effective at reducing craving for cigarettes than exercise at 65%. These findings are similar to those described by Pomerleau and colleagues [22] (30% versus 80% VO 2 max), Everson and colleagues [23,24] (44% versus 55% age-predicted maximal heart rate and 40-59% versus 60-84% heart rate reserve), and Scerbo and colleagues [25]. Taken together these findings suggest that the change in craving for cigarettes following exercise in MMT patients is similar to that typically observed in "normal" smokers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Acute Exercise on Opiate and Cigarette Craving in Methadone Patients

Bailey¹,

Hall²,

Fareed³

2011

TOSSJ

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Acute aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce craving for cigarettes in smokers. Over 80% of patients enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programs for opiate addiction are smokers and 29% suffer from diabetes. Many MMT counselors believe that regular physical exercise helps their patients to be successful in the program; however, there have been no previous studies demonstrating that increased physical activity positively impacts MMT patients.Purpose: To determine if acute aerobic exercise changes opiate and cigarette craving in MMT patients.Methods: 9 MMT patients (Age = 45±2 years; BMI=27.5±1.9) completed 3 randomly applied experimental trials immediately before receiving their daily methadone dose. The experimental trials consisted of 20 minutes of rest, moderate exercise (65% predicted maximal heart rate), or vigorous exercise (80% predicted maximal heart rate). Craving for opiates, cigarettes, and sweets was recorded before, immediately after (IPE), and 10 minute after exercise (10 Post). Subjects also completed the Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) before and 10 minutes after exercise.Results: Craving for opiates was reduced (p<0.05) as a result of vigorous exercise at IPE (-26.8+6.9%) and 10 Post (-5.5+0.5%); however, craving for opiates was unchanged following moderate exercise. Craving for cigarettes was reduced (p<0.05) following both moderate (IPE=-37.9+6.1%; 10 Post=-13.1+9.1%) and vigorous (IPE=-37.1 +7.1%; 10 Post=-8.8+9.2% exercise. Craving for sweets and the SOWS was unchanged as a result of exercise. Conclusion:The results of this investigation suggest that craving for opiates and cigarettes in patients participating in a MMT program may be influenced acute aerobic exercise.

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“…21,[24][25][26] However, both moderate and vigorous intensity exercise are capable of acutely alleviating symptoms of nicotine withdrawal 41,42 and dampening cigarette cravings. 43,44 Moreover, recent findings have shown that women who adhered to a moderate intensity exercise regimen had 61% greater odds of achieving prolonged abstinence than did women participating in a wellness control group. 23 Thus, moderate intensity exercise may be sufficient to produce beneficial effects on smoking cessation if compliance is maintained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Body Weight Does Not Mediate the Relationship Between Exercise and Smoking Cessation Among Weight-Concerned Women Smokers

Emery

Levine

Cheng

et al. 2014

NICTOB

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Introduction: Exercise has received attention as a method to prevent or reduce postcessation weight gain. However, little is known about how weight changes following quit attempts contribute to the relationship between exercise and smoking cessation. The present study assessed how exercise relates to cessation and whether initial changes in exercise after quitting smoking promote cessation through attenuated weight gain. Methods: Weight-concerned women smokers (N = 342) receiving cessation treatment provided biochemical validation of cessation, reported weekly exercise activities, and were weighed at 1, 3, and 6 months following treatment initiation. Survival analyses were used to determine time to and risk of relapse among women who reported engaging in varied levels of exercise at baseline. A mediation analysis was used to examine whether the effect of initial changes in exercise on longer-term cessation was driven by change in weight. All analyses were adjusted for relevant covariates. Results: Women smokers who reported high levels of exercise at baseline were less likely to relapse and returned to smoking more gradually than did women who reported low levels of exercise. Change in weight did not mediate the relationship between exercise and cessation. Conclusions: Cessation interventions utilizing an exercise component may have to develop exercise regimens of either higher duration or greater intensity to produce beneficial cessation outcomes, particularly when targeting sedentary smokers. Given that change in weight did not mediate the relationship between exercise and cessation, it is likely that other mediational processes are involved.

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The effects of moderate and vigorous exercise on desire to smoke, withdrawal symptoms and mood in abstaining young adult smokers

Cited by 50 publications

References 41 publications

The effects of acute exercise on tobacco cravings and withdrawal symptoms in temporary abstinent pregnant smokers

The effects of acute exercise on tobacco cravings and withdrawal symptoms in temporary abstinent pregnant smokers

Effects of Acute Exercise on Opiate and Cigarette Craving in Methadone Patients

Change in Body Weight Does Not Mediate the Relationship Between Exercise and Smoking Cessation Among Weight-Concerned Women Smokers

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