The Effects of Minimalist Shoes on Plantar Intrinsic Foot Muscle Size
                    and Strength: A Systematic Review

Xu, Jennifer; Saliba, Susan A.; Jaffri, Abbis

doi:10.1055/a-1908-8867

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 59 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…31 Additionally, a longer foot has a longer lever arm that could theoretically generate a higher force. 31 Further, habitual use of minimalist shoes is associated with increased foot width 47 and increased IFM strength 48 compared to those in conventional footwear, which could indicate an association between foot width and IFM strength. In this study, foot width had a small but significant correlation with IFM strength of both dominant and non-dominant feet, which is in agreement with previous findings.…”

Section: Figure 4 Bland-altman Plots To Demonstrate Limits Of Agreeme...mentioning

confidence: 98%

A Novel Intrinsic Foot Muscle Strength Dynamometer Demonstrates Moderate-To-Excellent Reliability and Validity

Xu,

Goss,

Saliba

2023

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

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Background Intrinsic foot muscle (IFM) weakness can result in reduced foot function, making it crucial for clinicians to track IFM strength changes accurately. However, assessing IFM strength can be challenging for clinicians, as there is no clinically applicable direct measure of IFM strength that has been shown to be reliable and valid with the foot on the ground. Purpose The purpose was to investigate the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a novel, budget-friendly IFM dynamometer and determine its agreement with a handheld dynamometer (HHD). The researchers also examined correlations of foot morphology and activity level to IFM strength. Study design Descriptive Laboratory Study Methods Two assessors measured IFM strength of 34 healthy volunteers (4 male, 30 female; age=21.14±2.57, height=164.66 ±7.62 cm, mass=64.45±11.93 kg) on two occasions 6.62±0.78 days apart with the novel dynamometer to assess intra- and inter-rater reliability. The HHD was used to measure IFM in the first session in order to assess validity. Results For the novel dynamometer, intra- and inter-rater reliability was moderate-to-excellent (ICC = 0.73 – 0.95), and the majority of the strength tests were within the 95% limits of agreement with the HHD. Wider foot morphology and a higher number of days walking over the prior seven days had small but significant correlations with IFM strength (dominant foot r = 0.34, non-dominant foot r = 0.39; r = -0.33, -0.39 respectively). Conclusion This novel IFM dynamometer is a budget-friendly ($75) tool that was shown to be reliable and valid in a healthy population. Levels of evidence Level 3 ©The Author(s)

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Section: Figure 4 Bland-altman Plots To Demonstrate Limits Of Agreeme...mentioning

confidence: 98%

A Novel Intrinsic Foot Muscle Strength Dynamometer Demonstrates Moderate-To-Excellent Reliability and Validity

Xu,

Goss,

Saliba

2023

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

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Démystification de l’impact du drop des chaussures : perspectives biomécaniques et cliniques en course à pied

Tedeschi

2024

Journal de Traumatologie du Sport

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Differences in the Size of Individual Plantar Intrinsic Foot Muscles Between Ballet Dancers and Non-Dancers

Fukuyama,

Maeo,

Kusagawa

et al. 2024

Journal of Dance Medicine & Science

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Introduction: In classic ballet, choreography often involves tiptoe standing. Tiptoe standing requires a high and stable foot arch structure, which is achieved by contraction of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles (PIFMs). Long-term repetitive loading with a specific movement can induce hypertrophic adaptation of the associated muscles. For dancers, however, limited information on the size of individual PIFMs is available from previous studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the sizes of 10 individual PIFMs between dancers and non-dancers. Methods: Muscle volumes (MVs) of 10 individual PIFMs were measured using magnetic resonance imaging in 15 female dancers and 15 female non-dancers. Muscles analyzed included abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, lumbricals, flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis oblique head, adductor hallucis transverse head, flexor digiti minimi, plantar/dorsal interossei. In addition to absolute MVs, relative MVs normalized to body mass (rMVBM) and the percentage of individual MVs relative to the sum of 10 individual PIFM MVs (%MVWHOLE) were calculated. Results: The absolute MVs of 6 individual PIFMs, including the flexor digitorum brevis and lumbricals, were +16% to 59% larger in dancers than in non-dancers (P ≤ .048). The rMVBM of all individual PIFMs were +35% to 95% larger in dancers than in non-dancers (P ≤ .019). The %MVWHOLE of the flexor digitorum brevis and lumbricals were +10% to 36% higher (P ≤ .014) and those of the abductor digiti minimi and adductor hallucis oblique head were +8% to 11% lower (P ≤ .037) in dancers than in non-dancers. Conclusions: For all 3 MV measures, only the flexor digitorum brevis and lumbricals, which are functionally specialized for flexion of the second to fifth metatarsophalangeal joints, were consistently larger in dancers than in non-dancers. This may be due to long-term repetitive loading on these PIFMs during ballet training involving tiptoe standing.

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The Effects of Minimalist Shoes on Plantar Intrinsic Foot Muscle Size and Strength: A Systematic Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 59 publications

A Novel Intrinsic Foot Muscle Strength Dynamometer Demonstrates Moderate-To-Excellent Reliability and Validity

A Novel Intrinsic Foot Muscle Strength Dynamometer Demonstrates Moderate-To-Excellent Reliability and Validity

Démystification de l’impact du drop des chaussures : perspectives biomécaniques et cliniques en course à pied

Differences in the Size of Individual Plantar Intrinsic Foot Muscles Between Ballet Dancers and Non-Dancers

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