The effects of methylphenidate on repeated acquisition of Serial Discrimination Reversals

Handley, George W.; Calhoun, William H.

doi:10.1007/bf00426967

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Because the baseline levels accuracy and speed in the acquisition component were generally well below those in the performance component, it would appear that the failure to detect improved accuracy can not simply be attributed to a low ceiling. Those studies that have detected learning enhancement by stimulants generally have used either a spatial learning task (Zhu, et al, 2007) or a discrimination-reversal procedure (Calhoun and Jones, 1974; Handley and Calhoun, 1978), although it should be noted that Paule & McMillan (1984) found enhancement at low d-amphetamine with the incremental repeated acquisition task. None of these studies used a RAP procedure, but RAP adaptations of spatial navigation tasks and reversal learning tasks are available (Galizio et al, 2006; Keith and Galizio, 1997) and it would be interesting to examine the effects of MA and MPD using these procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have investigated the effects of psychomotor stimulants on learning, but the results have been mixed. For example, some studies have found only disruption of learning by amphetamines or MPD (Braida et al, 2002; Chuhan and Taukulis, 2006; Mayorga et al, 2000; Nagai, et al, 2007), while others have found enhancement of learning at some doses of amphetamines or MPD (Calhoun and Jones, 1974; Handley and Calhoun, 1978; Zhu et al, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of MDMA, methamphetamine and methylphenidate on repeated acquisition and performance in rats

Galizio

McKinney

Cerutti

et al. 2009

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Repeated-acquisition procedures that include performance controls for effects not specific to acquisition permit the assessment of drug effects on learning on a within-subject, within-session basis. Despite the advantages of this methodology, few studies have examined effects of psychomotor stimulants on repeated acquisition in rodents. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 0.3-10 mg/kg), methamphetamine (MA, 0.1-3 mg/kg) and methylphenidate (MPD,1-17 mg/kg) using repeated-acquisition procedures with performance controls in rats using a touch-screen apparatus. Rats were presented a 2 × 3 array of stimuli using a computer touch-screen and nose-pokes to target locations within the array were reinforced. In the acquisition component, the correct location changed across sessions, whereas during the performance component, the correct location was constant across sessions. All three drugs reduced accuracy of responding to target locations in a dose-dependent fashion. None of the compounds enhanced learning at any dose. MPD and MA produced significant disruptions of acquisition accuracy only at doses that also disrupted performance, but the 3 mg/kg dose of MDMA impaired acquisition of target responding without affecting performance. The selective impairment of acquisition found in the present study adds to the evidence of learning and memory disruption produced by acute MDMA administration and raise questions about the mechanisms for these actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of MDMA, methamphetamine and methylphenidate on repeated acquisition and performance in rats

Galizio

McKinney

Cerutti

et al. 2009

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…Thus, drugs known to have deleterious effects on cognition, for example, the monoaminergic stimulant methamphetamine and the primary psychoactive ingredient in marijuana Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol produce dose-dependent decrements in the acquisition rate of novel discriminations (Galizio et al 2009; Kangas and Bergman 2012; Nakamura-Palacios et al 2000; Winsauer et al 1999), whereas other drugs, for example, the attention enhancer methylphenidate, have been shown to increase the rate of discrimination reversals (Handley and Calhoun 1978). Overall, these assays provide a useful means to assess both the short-term and long-term adverse effects of abused drugs and the safety of novel therapeutics with regard to well-established learning processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated acquisition and discrimination reversal in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

Kangas

Bergman

2013

Anim Cogn

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Repeated acquisition and discrimination reversal tasks are often used to examine behavioral relations of, respectively, learning and cognitive flexibility. Surprisingly, despite their frequent use in cognitive neuroscience and behavioral pharmacology, variables that control performance under these two tasks have not been widely studied. The present studies were conducted to directly investigate the controlling variables in nonhuman primates. Squirrel monkeys were trained with a touchscreen variant of the repeated acquisition task in which a novel pair of S+/S− stimuli was presented daily. Subjects learned to discriminate the two stimuli (acquisition) and, subsequently, with the contingencies switched (reversal). Results indicate that rates of both acquisition and reversal learning increased across successive sessions, but that rate of reversal learning remained slower than acquisition learning, i.e., more trials were needed for mastery. Subsequent experiments showed this difference between the rate of learning novel discriminations and reversal was reliable for at least 5 days between acquisition and reversal and notwithstanding the interpolation of additional discriminations. Experimental analysis of the S+/S− elements of the tasks revealed that the difference in the rate of learning could not be attributed to a relatively aversive quality of the S− or to a relatively appetitive quality of the S+ but, rather, to contextual control by the S+/S− stimulus complex. Thus, if either element (S+ or S−) of the stimulus complex was replaced by a novel stimulus, the rate of acquisition approximated that expected with a novel stimulus pair. These results improve our understanding of fundamental features of discrimination acquisition and reversal.

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“…Several studies have assessed acute effects of psychomotor stimulants using various models of learning in nonhumans with somewhat mixed results. Although most studies have found only impairment of learning across dose-response functions for MDMA (e.g., Braida et al, 2002; Byrne et al, 2000), MA (e.g., Mayorga et al, 2000) and MPD (e.g., Chuhan & Taukulis, 2006; Mayorga et al, 2000), cognitive enhancements by these drugs have also been reported (e.g., Calhoun & Jones, 1974; Handley & Calhoun, 1978; Quinteros-Munoz et al, 2010; Tian et al, 2009; Zhu et al, 2007). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Acquisition in the Morris Swim Task: Effects of Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, Methamphetamine, and Methylphenidate

et al. 2014

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Acute effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine (MA) and methylphenidate (MPD) were studied using a within-subject, repeated acquisition/performance procedure adapted to the Morris Swim Task. To investigate place learning, the acquisition component consisted of a hidden platform that varied in location across experimental sessions. As a control for drug effects not specific to acquisition, a performance component was included in which the hidden platform was in the same pool location in every experimental session. All three drugs increased escape latencies and swim distances in dose-dependent fashion. However, impairment in the acquisition component was generally observed only at doses that also produced impairment in the performance component, suggesting that effects were not selective to place learning. None of the drugs produced enhancement of learning or performance at any dose. Taken together, the results suggest that acute exposure to these psychomotor stimulants produce global impairment of performance in the Morris task, rather than specific deficits in place learning.

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The effects of methylphenidate on repeated acquisition of Serial Discrimination Reversals

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of MDMA, methamphetamine and methylphenidate on repeated acquisition and performance in rats

Effects of MDMA, methamphetamine and methylphenidate on repeated acquisition and performance in rats

Repeated acquisition and discrimination reversal in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

Repeated Acquisition in the Morris Swim Task: Effects of Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, Methamphetamine, and Methylphenidate

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