The Effects of Methanol/Gasoline Blends on Automobile Emissions

Gorse, Robert A.; Benson, Jack D.; Burns, Vaughn R.; Hochhauser, Albert M.; Koehl, William J.; Painter, Louis J.; Reuter, Robert M.; Rippon, Brian H.; Rutherford, James A.

doi:10.4271/920327

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Formaldehyde emissions increased between 1995 and 1996 despite the overall decrease in NMOC emissions, consistent with the increase in gasoline MTBE content (36). As shown in Table 4, formaldehyde emissions decreased substantially between 1996 and 1997.…”

Section: Pmsupporting

confidence: 55%

Impact of California Reformulated Gasoline on Motor Vehicle Emissions. 1. Mass Emission Rates

Kirchstetter¹,

Singer²,

Harley³

et al. 1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

100

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This paper addresses the impact of California phase 2 reformulated gasoline (RFG) on motor vehicle emissions. Phase 2 RFG was introduced in the San Francisco Bay Area in the first half of 1996, resulting in large changes to gasoline composition. Oxygen content increased from 0.2 to 2.0 wt%; and alkene, aromatic, benzene, and sulfur contents decreased. Gasoline density and T 50 and T 90 distillation temperatures also decreased. Light-duty vehicle emission rates were measured in a Bay Area roadway tunnel in summers 1994−1997. Vehicle speeds and driving conditions inside the tunnel were similar each year. The average model year of the vehicle fleet was about one year newer each successive summer. Large reductions in pollutant emissions were measured in the tunnel over the course of this study, due to a combination of RFG and fleet turnover effects. Between summers 1994 and 1997, emissions of carbon monoxide decreased by 31 ± 5%, non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOC) decreased by 43 ± 8%, and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) decreased by 18 ± 4%. It was difficult to separate clearly the fleet turnover and RFG contributions to these changes. Nevertheless, it was clear that the effect of RFG was greater for VOC than for NO x . The RFG effect on vehicle emissions of benzene was estimated to be a 30−40% reduction. Use of RFG increased formaldehyde emissions by about 10%, while acetaldehyde emissions did not change significantly. RFG effects reported here may not be the same for other driving conditions or for other vehicle fleets. RFG effects on evaporative emissions are also important. The combined effect of phases 1 and 2 of California's RFG program was a 20% reduction in gasoline vapor pressure, about one-fifth of which occurred following the introduction of phase 2 RFG.

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Section: Pmsupporting

confidence: 55%

Impact of California Reformulated Gasoline on Motor Vehicle Emissions. 1. Mass Emission Rates

Kirchstetter¹,

Singer²,

Harley³

et al. 1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many researchers [2], [3], [4] have investigated the effects of various alternative fuels on the performance and the degree of emission of harmful gases of an engine with various level of success and results. In a research, various blends of ethanolgasoline fuels were used in engine tests, the outcome of this study show that the inclusion of 10% ethanol has a significant effect on the octane number by 5% and also the engine power output was however increased.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fuel Additives on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine

Adebayo

Awogbemi

2017

EJENG

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This research investigated the effects of addition of ethanol to gasoline with the aim of improving the performance and emission characteristics of Spark Ignition (SI) engine. Four samples of gasoline-ethanol blend were prepared, namely 100% ethanol, 100% gasoline, 95% gasoline + 5% ethanol and 90% gasoline+10% ethanol, and were labeled sample A, B, C and D respectively. Physicochemical analysis was carried out on the four samples while sample B, C, and D were used to run a single cylinder, two stroke, air cooled SI engine to determine the performance characteristics of the engine at four engine speeds of 800rpm, 1000rpm, 1200rpm, and 1400rpm. An exhaust gas analyzer was used to analyze the exhaust emission to determine its constituents at no load. The research concluded that blending gasoline with ethanol not only improved the performance of the engine, it also yielded a friendlier emission. It also solves the problem of sole dependence on petroleum products to run SI engines with its attendant cost and environmental implications.

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“…In the United States, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 sparked a shift from using MTBE to ethanol as the main oxygenate blended into motor fuels. The impact of integrating ethanol into gasoline on the environment and on engine performance has been studied extensively in the literature. − The effect of mixing other alcohols, such as methanol, − propanol, , butanol, − and even two different alcohols simultaneously, − into gasoline has also been examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the Distillation Curve and Vapor Pressure of Alcohol–Gasoline Blends Using Pseudocomponents and an Equation of State

Vella

Marshall

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The use of alternative fuels that produce less pollutants and greenhouse gases is an intense area of research spanning across many disciplines. Currently, gasolines are blended with oxygenates in an attempt to make them less harmful to the environment. Ethanol is a commonly used compound for this purpose, although other alcohols have also been utilized. Understanding the effects oxygenate blending has on the properties of gasoline is essential for both the use of these mixtures as fuels and their processing in the refinery setting. In this work, we compare how one of two equations of state (Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) or Predictive Soave–Redlich–Kwong (PSRK)) combined with a pseudocomponent characterization of gasoline can be used to accurately predict the change in distillation and volatility properties of a gasoline when mixed with alcohols. Specifically, we examine the effects of oxygenate blending on the D86 curve and the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE). The methodology, regardless of the choice of the equation of state, only requires the D86 curve, the average specific gravity, and a measure of the vapor pressure of the base gasoline to fully characterize the stream as a mixture of pseudocomponents. After proper characterization, the equation of state can robustly predict the effect of mixing alcohols on the D86 and DVPE. It is demonstrated that PC-SAFT and PSRK perform similarly for most alcohol–gasoline blends; however, PC-SAFT is superior for methanol–gasoline blends and for predicting absolute liquid densities. The methodology outlined here sets the foundation for the development of predictive blending tools to be used in refineries.

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The Effects of Methanol/Gasoline Blends on Automobile Emissions

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Impact of California Reformulated Gasoline on Motor Vehicle Emissions. 1. Mass Emission Rates

Impact of California Reformulated Gasoline on Motor Vehicle Emissions. 1. Mass Emission Rates

Effects of Fuel Additives on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine

Prediction of the Distillation Curve and Vapor Pressure of Alcohol–Gasoline Blends Using Pseudocomponents and an Equation of State

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