The Effects of Metal Complexes of Nano-Graphene Oxide to Thermal Decomposition of FOX-7

Abstract

1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) an insensitive high-energetic compound, has rarely been reported previously with respect to combustion performance. In order to quickly apply it to propellants, the thermal decomposition behaviors of FOX-7 should be optimized. Metal complexes of nano-graphene oxide have an obvious effect on the thermal decomposition of energy materials. In this paper, the metal (Cu2+ and Fe3+) complexes of nano-graphene oxide (nGO) have been synthesized using nGO as a ligand and metal ions as a coordination center. They were mixed with FOX-7 as additives to form energetic composites, and the chemical bond distributions and thermal decomposition processes of these composites have been investigated. The results show that Cu2+ and Fe3+ are uniformly distributed on the surface of the nGO. The thermal decomposition processes of nGO-metal-FOX-7 composites have been fully characterized by Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Thermal gravimetric analyzer-Differential scanning calorimeter-Infrared spectroscopy-Mass spectrum (TG-DSC-IR-MS) coupling technology. The results show that the Fe3+ based complex affect the decomposition of FOX-7 than the Cu2+ based one with the initial decomposition temperature of 230 °C and the apparent heat release of 3535.6 J·g−1. Moreover, the addition of nGO-metal complexes could promote the formation of nitrogen during the decomposition of FOX-7, indicating a more complete decomposition.

Dense, Three-Dimensional, Highly Absorbent, Graphene Oxide Aerogel Coating on ZnCo2O4/ZnO Particles Exerts a Synergistic Catalytic Effect for Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition

“…Consequently, the following catalytic theory exists (catalysis theory model, as shown in Figure ): ZnCo 2 O 4 /ZnO itself can act as an electron transport link to transfer electrons from O 2 to the superoxide O 2 – . GA can absorb the gas product from the thermal decomposition process of AP, has good electrical conductivity, and forms an electric double layer on the surface of ZnCo 2 O 4 /ZnO to accelerate the electron transfer . Therefore, ZnCo 2 O 4 /ZnO and GA play a synergistic catalytic effect.…”

“…Therefore, it is very important to search a new metal oxide composite material. Carbon-based catalysts such as natural graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide (GO) often cooperate with metal oxides to catalyze AP. − GO, as one of the most widely used carbon materials, has a large number of surface oxygen-containing groups, which leads to higher activity and is often doped with metal oxide doping enhance the catalytic performance of AP. − In addition, graphene oxide aerogel (GA), as an emerging carbon-based material processed from GO, has often been used in electrochemistry and wave-absorbing fields due to its strong adsorption, high elasticity, and more active sites. − Currently, GA is also applied to improve the combustion and detonation performance of energetic materials due to the excellent adsorption properties, high specific surface area, strong conductivity, and other characteristics, but have been rarely reported on an AP catalyst. − …”

Reduced graphene oxide decorated with Ni-Fe-Mo permalloy obtained by sputtering

“…Finally, another outstanding difference between the spectra of rGO and permalloy/rGO is the clear appearance of two peaks at 621 and 468 cm − 1 . Bands between 500 and 750 cm − 1 have been attributed to the stretching of metal-O bond [40]. As there are not references in literature about FT-IR of permalloy sputtered in rGO and the permalloy used in this work is composed mainly of Ni(80 %) and Fe(15 %), a survey was carried out in literature about NiO and FeO stretching's of other compounds containing these metals supported on graphene in which the results differ slightly.…”

“…In magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 )/porous graphene nanocomposites the stretching vibration of FeO was observed at 560 cm − 1 [41] and at 598 cm − 1 [42]. In FeGO nanocomposites this FeO band was observed as two bands at 694 and 590 cm − 1 [40]. NiOrGO hybrid showed peaks at approximately 580 cm − 1 [43] and in graphene nanosheets modified with Ni(OH) 2 at 634 cm − 1 .…”

Recent advances on graphene microstructure engineering for propellant‐related applications

“…The thermal decomposition performance of the energetic components of propellants is pretty important to their combustion, 24 and it is common to add catalysts of these components to promote their thermal decomposition. 68,69 The catalysts mainly used are nanometal oxides, such as copper oxide, 70 iron oxide, 71 manganese oxide, 72 cobalt oxide, 73 and so on. However, it is well known that these nanoparticles are easy to aggregate into large particles due to their high-surface energy, which can lead to the reduction of surface area and catalytic activity.…”