The effects of memory trace strength on eyewitness recall in children with and without intellectual disabilities

Henry, Lucy A.; Gudjónsson, Gisli H.

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2004.05.002

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…From this view, participants in the present study were likely to rely more heavily on gist memory than on verbatim memory, as their responses did not depend on memory for surface form and particular details (i.e. participants both in the CI and in the STI received no instructions to recall the verbal information verbatim) (Henry & Gudjonsson, 2004). The only exception concerns to the four phase of the CI, in which participants were asked to respond to specific questions for retrieving information about names, features of speech and unusual words or phrases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Language crimes and the cognitive interview: testing its efficacy in retrieving a conversational event

Campos

Alonso-Quecuty

2008

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Frequently, the only available evidence in 'language crimes' (e.g. verbal sexual harassment) is witness statements about criminal conversations. However, previous research has showed that recall for sentences in conversation is very poor. The main aim of this research was to find out how to solve this problem. The cognitive interview (CI) is an interview technique which has shown to be more effective in recalling criminal episodes than a comparison interview. In addition, our experience in research on the CI had been highly satisfactory; therefore, we decided to use the CI as a tool in the research on memory for conversation, so far ignored. Thus, this study tested, for the first time, whether the CI would be also successful in obtaining complete and accurate accounts for a criminal conversation. Different forms of correct recall (verbatim/gist) of the verbal information as well as different types of errors (distortions/fabrications) were also examined. It was predicted that the CI would elicit more correct information without an increase in errors than a comparison interview (i.e. a free-recall protocol). Results confirmed these hypotheses. Interpretations of the overall findings are offered within the context of theoretical principles concerning the retrieval of information from memory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Language crimes and the cognitive interview: testing its efficacy in retrieving a conversational event

Campos

Alonso-Quecuty

2008

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…Many researchers have explored intelligence in relation to children's abilities to recount an event in various settings, such as a staged event (e.g., Brown & Pipe, 2003;Chae & Ceci, 2005), a video (Henry & Gudjonsson, 2004), or sexual abuse (Dion et al, 2006). When looking at general intelligence, results of studies indicate that the amount of information produced by children with mental retardation during open-ended recall is often lower than that produced by children of the same age with typical intellectual development (Henry & Gudjonsson, 2003Michel, Gordon, Ornstein, & Simpson, 2000).…”

Section: Intelligence and Verbal Abilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of the NICHD Protocol to Enhance the Quantity of Details Obtained from Children with Low Verbal Abilities in Investigative Interviews: A Pilot Study

Dion

Cyr

2008

Journal of Child Sexual Abuse

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This study explored the impact of the NICHD protocol to enhance the quantity and content of details reported by children with low verbal abilities. Thirty-four children aged from 6 to 14 were interviewed following their experience of sexual abuse. Half the interviews were conducted using the NICHD protocol. Results indicate that NICHD interviews contained more open-ended prompts and more details overall. Open-ended invitations yielded significantly more detailed responses than did close-ended questions for both children with low and average verbal abilities.Although children with low verbal abilities provided fewer details than children with average verbal abilities, the NICHD protocol helped them provide detailed responses containing the core elements of the sexual abuse. Conducting investigative interviews with child victims of sexual abuse is a complex task for an interviewer, yet is even more challenging with children with intellectual difficulties. For example, results of analog studies (Henry & Gudjonsson, 1999) and a field study (Dion, Cyr, Richard, & McDuff, 2006) indicate that children with intellectual disabilities are likely to provide fewer details when asked to recall an event. Above all cognitive abilities, verbal skills appear to be the most related to children's recall performance (Brown & Pipe, 2003;Chae & Ceci, 2005;Dion et al.). These results are of particular importance considering that children with mental retardation or speech and language difficulties are respectively 4 and almost 3 times more likely to be sexually abused than children without disabilities (Sullivan & Knutson, 2000).It is therefore necessary to evaluate interview techniques that might be useful in helping these children talk about their abuse. The objective of the present study is to explore the impact of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) protocol to enhance details given by children with low verbal abilities (LVA) and to document any differences in response to distinct types of questions. Intelligence and Verbal AbilitiesMany researchers have explored intelligence in relation to children's abilities to recount an event in various settings, such as a staged event (e.g., Brown & Pipe, 2003;Chae & Ceci, 2005), a video (Henry & Gudjonsson, 2004), or sexual abuse (Dion et al., 2006). When looking at general intelligence, results of studies indicate that the amount of information produced by children with mental retardation during open-ended recall is often lower than that produced by children of the same age with typical intellectual development (Henry & Gudjonsson, 2003Michel, Gordon, Ornstein, & Simpson, 2000).However, inconsistent results are found when using different measures of intelligence (e.g., receptive language, expressive language, visual-motor coordination) to explore the relationship between more specific cognitive abilities (e.g., verbal and nonverbal abilities) and recall. Four explanations are possible for these conflicting results, including: (a) verbal intelligence ...

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“…Implicit long-term memory processes, that is memories that cannot be consciously retrieved, are often less limited then explicit memory in individuals with intellectual disability (e.g., adults with mental retardation, Atwell, Conners, & Merrill, 2003; implicit memory, Graf & Schacter, 1985;children, Wyatt & Conners, 1998). However, retrospective memory performance of persons with intellectual disability suffers from, e.g., insufficient specificity in the remembered information (cf., Henry & Gudjonsson, 2004). This may follow from limited working memory capacity to engage in explicit memory processing.…”

Section: Performance In Persons With Intellectual Disabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Memory, Working Memory, Retrospective Memory and Self-Rated Memory Performance in Persons with Intellectual Disability

Levén

Lyxell

Andersson

et al. 2008

Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research

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The effects of memory trace strength on eyewitness recall in children with and without intellectual disabilities

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Language crimes and the cognitive interview: testing its efficacy in retrieving a conversational event

Language crimes and the cognitive interview: testing its efficacy in retrieving a conversational event

The Use of the NICHD Protocol to Enhance the Quantity of Details Obtained from Children with Low Verbal Abilities in Investigative Interviews: A Pilot Study

Prospective Memory, Working Memory, Retrospective Memory and Self-Rated Memory Performance in Persons with Intellectual Disability

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