The Effects of Melatonin on the Antioxidant Systems in Experimental Spinal Injury

Taşkıran, Dilek; Tanyalçın, Tijen; Sözmen, Eser Yıldırım; Peker, Gonul; Gülmen, Vehbi; Çağlı, Sedat; Kanıt, Lütfiye; Tekeli, Gurkan; Barcin, Erol; Zılelı, Mehmet; Kutay, Fatma Z.

doi:10.3109/00207450009035009

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (group 1: control, group 2: I/R, group 3: I/R þ zinc, group 4: I/R þ mel, group 5: I/R þ zinc þ mel). *Po 0.05 compared to groups 1, [3][4][5] other hand, it is stated that melatonin treatment, affecting pro-oxidant enzyme activity, has a protective role against lipid peroxidation. 11 As similar results were obtained in our study, it is compatible with the mentioned study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Increases in MDA levels related to spinal cord I/R were also reported in the previous studies. 5,6 However, the use of melatonin before the application considerably suppressed the increases in MDA levels during the I/R process. Melatonin, which is the main secretion product of the pineal gland, functions as a strong free radical scavenger and as an antioxidant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Compatible with these examinations, it was established that melatonin supports also significantly increased catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, which have powerful antioxidant qualities. 5 It was reported that the GPx, SOD activity decreased in relation to spinal injuries; 7 also in a similar study it was reported that myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity increased as a result of spinal injury, but melatonin treatment suppressed the increased MPO activity and also corrected motor deficits. 8 In another study, it was stated that the decrease in the Tarlov score as a result of spinal cord injury increased with melatonin treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Melatonin has especially significant neutralizing effect on hydroxyl radicals and stimulating effect on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. 5 Furthermore, the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels related to ischemia are reversed with melatonin treatment. 6 Compatible with these examinations, it was established that melatonin supports also significantly increased catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, which have powerful antioxidant qualities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of prophylactic zinc and melatonin application on experimental spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury in rabbits: experimental study

et al. 2007

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Study design: Experimental study. Objectives: To determine the neuroprotective effects of zinc and melatonin on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries of rabbits. Setting: The Experimental Research Centre of Selc¸uk University, Konya, Turkey. Methods: Twenty-four male rabbits underwent spinal cord ischemia by clamping the thoracoabdominal aorta for 20 min. Twenty minutes before the aortic clamping, animals received zinc, melatonin or a combination of both. Neurological examination of the animals was performed three times during reperfusion period. The animals were killed 24 h after reperfusion. Spinal cord samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Results: Pre-treated animals with zinc, melatonin or combination displayed better neurological outcomes than the I/R group (Po0.05). Zinc, melatonin and combined treatment prevented spinal cord injury by reducing apoptosis rate (Po0.05) and preserving intact ganglion cell numbers (Po0.05). Zinc pre-treatment protected spinal cord by preventing malondialdehyde (MDA) formation (P ¼ 0.002), increasing glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (P ¼ 0.002) and decreasing xanthine oxidase enzyme activity (P ¼ 0.026) at molecular level. Melatonin treatment also resulted with MDA formation (P ¼ 0.002), increased GPx activity (P ¼ 0.002) and decreased xanthine oxidase activity (P ¼ 0.026). Conclusion:The results of the study showed that prophylactic zinc and melatonin use in spinal cord I/R not only suppressed lipid peroxidation by activating antioxidant systems but also had significant neuroprotective effects by specifically improving the neurological and histopathological situation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of prophylactic zinc and melatonin application on experimental spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury in rabbits: experimental study

et al. 2007

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“…Finally, as mentioned above, melatonin prevents the reduction in another important H 2 O 2 metabolizing enzyme, CAT Taskiran et al 2000). Thus, the activity of the two antioxidative enzymes which play a major role in maintaining low steady-state concentrations of H 2 O 2 , thereby reducing dOH generation, is normally stimulated by melatonin, as is the recycling of the essential intracellular thiol antioxidant GSH.…”

Section: Melatonin : Indirect Antioxidant Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: reducing the toxicity and increasing the efficacy of drugs

Reíter¹,

Tan²,

Sainz³

et al. 2002

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

378

300

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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a molecule with a very wide phylogenetic distribution from plants to man. In vertebrates, melatonin was initially thought to be exclusively of pineal origin ; recent studies have shown, however, that melatonin synthesis may occur in a variety of cells and organs. The concentration of melatonin within body uids and subcellular compartments varies widely, with blood levels of the indole being lower than those at many other sites. Thus, when de ning what constitutes a physiological level of melatonin, it must be de ned relative to a speci c compartment. Melatonin has been shown to have a variety of functions, and research in the last decade has proven the indole to be both a direct free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant. Because of these actions, and possibly others that remain to be de ned, melatonin has been shown to reduce the toxicity and increase the ef cacy of a large number of drugs whose side effects are well documented. Herein, we summarize the bene cial effects of melatonin when combined with the following drugs: doxorubicin, cisplatin, epirubicin, cytarabine, bleomycin, gentamicin, ciclosporin, indometacin, acetylsalicylic acid, ranitidine, omeprazole, isoniazid, iron and erythropoietin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, haloperidol, caposide-50, morphine, cyclophosphamide and L-cysteine. While the majority of these studies were conducted using animals, a number of the investigations also used man. Considering the low toxicity of melatonin and its ability to reduce the side effects and increase the ef cacy of these drugs, its use as a combination therapy with these agents seems important and worthy of pursuit.

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Effects of melatonin on severe crush spinal cord injury–induced reactive astrocyte and scar formation

Krityakiarana

Sompup

Jongkamonwiwat

et al. 2016

J of Neuroscience Research

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The present work aimed at analyzing the effects of melatonin on scar formation after spinal cord injury (SCI). Upregulation of reactive astrocyte under SCI pathological conditions has been presented in several studies. It has been proved that the crucial factor in triggering this upregulation is proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, scar formation is an important barrier to axonal regeneration through the lesion area. Melatonin plays an important role in reducing inflammation, but its effects on scar formation in the injured spinal cord remain unknown. Hence, we used the model of severe crush injury in mice to investigate the effects of melatonin on scar formation. Mice were randomly separated into four groups; SCI, SCI+Melatonin 1 (single dose), SCI+Melatonin 14 (14 daily doses), and control. Melatonin was administered by intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg) after injury. Immunohistochemical analysis, Western blot, and behavioral evaluation were used to explore the effects of melatonin after SCI for 14 days. The melatonin-treated mice presented higher expression of neuronal markers (P < 0.001). Remarkably, the inflammatory response appeared to be greatly reduced in the SCI+Melatonin 14 group (P < 0.001), which also displayed less scar formation (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that melatonin inhibits scar formation by acting on inflammatory cytokines after SCI. Overall, our results suggest that melatonin is a promising treatment strategy after SCI that deserves further investigation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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The Effects of Melatonin on the Antioxidant Systems in Experimental Spinal Injury

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

The effects of prophylactic zinc and melatonin application on experimental spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury in rabbits: experimental study

The effects of prophylactic zinc and melatonin application on experimental spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury in rabbits: experimental study

Melatonin: reducing the toxicity and increasing the efficacy of drugs

Effects of melatonin on severe crush spinal cord injury–induced reactive astrocyte and scar formation

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