The effects of maternal employment on the health of school-age children

Morrill, Melinda Sandler

doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.01.001

Cited by 91 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In order to address the potential endogeneity of maternal employment, we use an instrumental variable approach using the number of younger children in the household to create external variation in maternal employment. 2 A related instrument, the younger sibling's kindergarten eligibility age, has been previously used to instrument maternal employment (Morrill, 2011). In this study, we argue that the number of younger siblings in the household is likely to be a good instrument for maternal employment when controlling for a range of child and family characteristics, because it is strongly negatively related to maternal employment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…One problem that arises when estimating the effect of maternal employment on child outcomes is that maternal employment is likely to be endogenous for several reasons (Anderson et al, 2003;von Hinke Kessler Scholder, 2008;Greve, 2011;Morrill, 2011;Cawley and Liu, 2012). First, omitted variables might bias the results when different unobservable characteristics, like ability, motivate some mothers to work.…”

Section: Related Literature and Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That means that conditional on the variables included in the model, the only path through which the number of younger siblings in the household is related to the child's overweight status/BMI, is maternal employment. Theoretically, one might expect that each additional (younger) child involves further time constraints which 14 See Angrist (2001) and Morrill (2011), for a discussion on 2SLS models with a binary dependent variable. Microcensus 1999Microcensus , 2003Microcensus , 2005Microcensus , 2009 impair the maternal care for the older child, for example, to cook healthy meals.…”

Section: The Instrument: Number Of Younger Siblings In the Householdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morrill, 2011). Although this seems to be counterintuitive, one could argue that more ambitious mothers are more likely to work full-time but are in turn also more likely to have more (younger) children.…”

Section: The Instrument: Number Of Younger Siblings In the Householdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal employment and childhood overweight in Germany

Meyer

2016

Economics & Human Biology

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractA widespread finding among studies from the US and the UK is that maternal employment is correlated with an increased risk of child overweight, even in a causal manner, whereas studies from European countries obtain less conclusive results. As evidence for Germany is still scarce, the purpose of this study is to identify the effect of maternal employment on childhood overweight in Germany using two sets of representative micro data. Moreover, we explore potential underlying mechanisms that might explain this relationship. In order to address the selection into maternal full-time employment, we use an instrumental variable strategy exploiting the number of younger siblings in the household as an instrument. While the OLS model suggests that maternal full-time employment is related to a 5 percentage point higher probability of the child to be overweight, IV estimates indicate a 25 percentage points higher overweight probability due to maternal fulltime employment. Exploring various possible pathways, we find that maternal employment is associated with unhealthy dietary and activity habits which might explain the positive effect of maternal employment on child overweight to some extent. Several sensitivity analyses confirm the robustness of our findings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Related Literature and Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Instrument: Number Of Younger Siblings In the Householdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Instrument: Number Of Younger Siblings In the Householdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal employment and childhood overweight in Germany

Meyer

2016

Economics & Human Biology

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“…This could be explained by the fact that in delaying return to work, mothers took more time to correctly cater for their children. In fact, very early return to work by working class mothers was often associated with a poor follow-up of children's health, particularly nutritional status [11] [32] and certainly vaccination status too [19] [26]. These reasons could not explain the partial or non-vaccination of children, forgetfulness of the date; lack of time and loss of vaccination card were the main reason of abandoning vaccination [33].…”

Section: Influence Of the Time Of Return To Routine Activities Of Motmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Routine Vaccination of Children of Mothers Live-Stock Retailers in the Markets of Yaoundé

Félicitée¹,

Tassadong²,

Dongmo³

et al. 2016

WJV

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Background: The job of mothers though having a positive impact on the family could be detrimental to children's health due to her unavailability. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to August 2014. Mothers of children aged 11 -48 months were interviewed to determine factors which could influence the vaccination of their children. Results: A total of 265 mothers were interviewed. Despite their occupations, they completely vaccinated all of their children. The vaccination coverage of tracer antigens (third dose of DPT/HiB/HepB) was high 97.7% as well as the proportion of children completely vaccinated (91.7%). A mastery of the vaccination calendar of the site, and resumption of activities when the children were more than 4 months old, significantly influenced the completion of vaccination. Only 6 children (2.3%) were not correctly or incompletely vaccinated. The reason given by their mothers were: the lack of time (45.0%), the adverse effects of vaccines (27.0%), forgetfulness (18%), and shortage of vaccines supplies (5.0%). Conclusions: Occupation was not a hindrance to the vaccination of children of live-stock retailers. The problem of absent or incomplete vaccination could be overcome by improving the strategies of social mobilisation, permitting the sensitisation of mothers hesitant to vaccinate their children. A regular supply of vaccines will reduce the missed opportunities, thus maintaining high vaccination coverage in this social group.

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Child Care Subsidies, Maternal Health, and Child-Parent Interactions: Evidence From Three Nationally Representative Datasets

Herbst

Tekin

2013

Health Econ.

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A complete account of the US child care subsidy system requires an understanding of its implications for both parental and child well-being. Although the effects of child care subsidies on maternal employment and child development have been recently studied, many other dimensions of family well-being have received little attention. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining the impact of child care subsidy receipt on maternal health and the quality of child-parent interactions. The empirical analyses use data from three nationally representative surveys, providing access to numerous measures of family well-being. In addition, we attempt to handle the possibility of non-random selection into subsidy receipt by using several identification strategies both within and across the surveys. Our results consistently indicate that child care subsidies are associated with worse maternal health and poorer interactions between parents and their children. In particular, subsidized mothers report lower levels of overall health and are more likely to show symptoms consistent with anxiety, depression, and parenting stress. Such mothers also reveal more psychological and physical aggression toward their children and are more likely to utilize spanking as a disciplinary tool. Together, these findings suggest that work-based public policies aimed at economically disadvantaged mothers may ultimately undermine family well-being.

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The effects of maternal employment on the health of school-age children

Cited by 91 publications

References 66 publications

Maternal employment and childhood overweight in Germany

Maternal employment and childhood overweight in Germany

Factors Influencing Routine Vaccination of Children of Mothers Live-Stock Retailers in the Markets of Yaoundé

Child Care Subsidies, Maternal Health, and Child-Parent Interactions: Evidence From Three Nationally Representative Datasets

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The effects of maternal employment on the health of school-age children

Cited by 91 publications

References 66 publications

Maternal employment and childhood overweight in Germany

Maternal employment and childhood overweight in Germany

Factors Influencing Routine Vaccination of Children of Mothers Live-Stock Retailers in the Markets of Yaound&#233;

Child Care Subsidies, Maternal Health, and Child-Parent Interactions: Evidence From Three Nationally Representative Datasets

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Factors Influencing Routine Vaccination of Children of Mothers Live-Stock Retailers in the Markets of Yaoundé