The effects of Mandrel material and tow tension on defects and compressive strength of hoop-wound, on-line consolidated, composite rings

Kugler, Danielle; Moon, Tessie J

doi:10.1016/s1359-835x(02)00018-0

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…When the towpreg band repeated one cycle and back to its original position, the thermoset matrix almost gelled at elevated temperatures, thus the effect of towpreg compaction is not significant. Kugler and Moon [13,22] concluded in their on-line consolidation study of T300/PS1700 thermoplastic composite cylinders that the tow tension had a significant contribution to the compressive strengths, while the compaction pressure did not. Their conclusion is exactly the opposite to the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may result from local buckling of prepreg (or wet-winding strands) under compaction pressure, caused by either winding tension or consolidation pressure. It may also result from a local fiber deformation due to process-induced stresses [13][14][15]. Experimental results for compression tests of thick-walled, composite rings under external hydrostatic pressure have been reported by Garala [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compressive Strengths of In-Situ Cured Graphite/Epoxy and Glass/Epoxy Composite Cylinders

Yee

Moon

2003

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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In this paper, the compressive strengths of in-situ cured composite rings using a simple mechanical text fixture are presented. Reported results include T300/epoxy as well as E-glass/epoxy hoop-wound composite rings. A J2 deformation theory of plasticity is employed in the stress analysis of the compliant ring while linear elastic response is assumed for both the composite ring and stainless steel. Two objectives are included in the current study: first is the study of the compressive strengths of hoop wound fiber-reinforced thermoset composite rings made by in-situ curing method and correlate the compressive strength to the processing parameters; second is the quantitative assessment of the effect of residual stresses on the compressive strengths of composite rings. Experimental results indicated that composite ring failed initially by shear mode at the outer surface and propagated through-thickness. The kink band formation, followed by the shear failure, aggregated the failure zone. Finally layer delamination developed and led to a catastrophic failure of specimen. Most of the reported compressive strengths of unidirectional composites are based on unidirectional laminate composites. The current study represents one of the few works involving the composite ring specimens. Experimental results indicated that the compressive strengths of in-situ cured composite rings are very close to the compressive strengths of unidirectional laminates. This indication suggests that in-situ curing method can be used to produce high quality composite structures. Also the compaction pressure is found to have great influence on the measured compressive strength.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive Strengths of In-Situ Cured Graphite/Epoxy and Glass/Epoxy Composite Cylinders

Yee

Moon

2003

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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“…According to Mallick [40], an inadequate winding tension and misaligned rovings can be caused by unstable fiber paths that cause fibers to slip on the mandrel and may cause fibers to bunch together, bridge, and improperly orient in the filament wound part. Studies [143,144] have shown that fiber waviness found in wound thermoplastic cylinders is primarily affected by the mandrel material, not the cooling rate. According to Baker et al [142], the waviness is mainly caused by volumetric changes during resin bleed-out in thick wound structures.…”

Section: Filament Windingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Origin and Classification of Out-of-Plane Fiber Waviness in Composite Materials—A Review

2020

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Out-of-plane fiber waviness, also referred to as wrinkling, is considered one of the most significant effects that occur in composite materials. It significantly affects mechanical properties, such as stiffness, strength and fatigue and; therefore, dramatically reduces the load-carrying capacity of the material. Fiber waviness is inherent to various manufacturing processes of fiber-reinforced composite parts. They cannot be completely avoided and thus have to be tolerated and considered as an integral part of the structure. Because of this influenceable but in many cases unavoidable nature of fiber waviness, it might be more appropriate to consider fiber waviness as effects or features rather than defects. Hence, it is important to understand the impact of different process parameters on the formation of fiber waviness in order to reduce or, in the best case, completely avoid them as early as possible in the product and process development phases. Mostly depending on the chosen geometry of the part and the specific manufacturing process used, different types of fiber waviness result. In this study, various types of waviness are investigated and a classification scheme is developed for categorization purposes. Numerous mechanisms of wrinkling were analyzed, leading to several recommendations to prevent wrinkle formation, not only during composite processing, but also at an earlier design stage, where generally several influence factors are defined.

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“…Some have attributed the causes of fiber waviness in composites to the relationships between the mandrel and pressure considerations during cure [15,16] . Precure and postcure optical and ultrasonic techniques have been proposed for characterization with some success [15,[17][18][19][20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Infrared Thermoelastic Stress Analysis Investigation for Detecting Fiber Waviness in Composite Structures

Elhajjar

Haj-Ali

Wei

2014

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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A full-field thermoelastic stress analysis infrared (TSA-IR) method is used to investigate the possibility of inspecting for out of plane fiber waviness in composite structures. Two different waviness profiles are generated and compared to control specimen having no anomalies. Tension and compression loading schemes are investigated and the TSA-IR emissions are compared to cross-sectional investigations. A subset of the specimens is also notched to investigate the thermal emissions from holes when compared to the waviness. The interaction of the hole and waviness shows the errors that can be introduced when using TSA-IR for quantitative analysis.

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The effects of Mandrel material and tow tension on defects and compressive strength of hoop-wound, on-line consolidated, composite rings

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Compressive Strengths of In-Situ Cured Graphite/Epoxy and Glass/Epoxy Composite Cylinders

Compressive Strengths of In-Situ Cured Graphite/Epoxy and Glass/Epoxy Composite Cylinders

Mechanisms of Origin and Classification of Out-of-Plane Fiber Waviness in Composite Materials—A Review

An Infrared Thermoelastic Stress Analysis Investigation for Detecting Fiber Waviness in Composite Structures

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