The effects of male age on sperm DNA damage in healthy non-smokers

107

Purpose To investigate the effects of male aging on semen quality, DNA fragmentation and chromosomal abnormalities in the spermatozoa of infertile patients and fertile men. Methods Semen samples of 140 infertile patients (24-76 years) and 50 men with proven fertility (25-65 years) were analyzed according to WHO guidelines. DNA fragmentation was detected by TUNEL assay, while aneuploidy was assessed by FISH. Results In the patient group, semen volume and vitality of spermatozoa decreased significantly with age, while sperm concentration showed a statistically significant increase with age. DNA fragmentation as well as disomy of sex chromosomes and disomy 8 did not show a statistically significant change with age. However, the diploidy rate was significantly increased with patient's age. In the control group, conventional semen parameters as well as DNA fragmentation and chromosomal abnormalities did not show a statistically significant with age. Conclusion Increased age in infertile men is associated with an increase in sperm concentration and diploidy, as well as a decline in semen volume and sperm vitality. However motility, morphology and DNA fragmentation are not affected by male age.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The effects of male aging on semen quality, sperm DNA fragmentation and chromosomal abnormalities in an infertile population

Brahem

Mehdi

Elghezal

et al. 2011

107

“…Other sperm parameters of more concern for child health may also be affected. Schmid et al [27] demonstrated a correlation of male age and DNA damage and Wyrobek et al [28] suggested that increasing male age could increase gene mutations. DNA damage could be associated directly with morphological parameters, as suggested by Silva et al [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of father’s age in fertile, subfertile, and assisted reproductive technology pregnancies: A population based cohort study

Stern

Luke

Hornstein

et al. 2014

Purpose To compare ages of mothers and of fathers at delivery in couples who are fertile, subfertile, and subfertile treated with assisted reproductive technology (ART) and to characterize birth outcomes in the ART population according to paternal age. Methods Live birth deliveries in Massachusetts between July, 2004 and December, 2008 were identified from vital records and categorized by maternal fertility status and treatment as ART, subfertile or fertile. The ART births were linked to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System (SART CORS) database to obtain cycle-specific treatment data. Parental ages were obtained from birth certificates. Age of mothers and fathers were compared using ANOVA for continuous measures and χ 2 for categories. Risks of prematurity (<37 weeks), low birthweight (<2,500 g), and low birthweight z-score (small for gestatational age, SGA) were modeled using logistic regression by categories of paternal age as adjusted odds ratios and 95 % CI. Results The study population included 9,092 ART, 6,238 subfertile, and 318,816 fertile deliveries. Paternal ages in the ART and subfertile groups were similar and differed significantly from those of the fertile group. Maternal age in the ART and subfertile groups averaged 5-6 years older than their fertile counterparts and fathers averaged 4-5 years older with twice as many being older than 37. The risks for prematurity, low birthweight and SGA did not increase with increasing paternal age. Conclusions Fathers in ART-treated and subfertile couples are older than in their fertile counterparts. Older paternal age was not assoicated with increased risk for prematurity, low birthweight, or SGA.

“…If left unrepaired, oxidatively damaged paternal DNA may proceed through fertilization into the offspring, causing a variety of diseases in the offspring spermatogenic potential [93]. As the effect of age on sperm DNA single-and double-strand breaks is well documented [94,95], presence of DNA damage repair-associated proteins such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) were also investigated in testicular tissue samples from older men [96]. Statistically significant differences in the expression of DNA repair proteins as well as apoptosis markers, such as active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP-1, were found most markedly in aging spermatocytes.…”

Section: Free Radical Theory Of Aging and Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aging on the male reproductive system

Güneş

Hekim

Arslan

et al. 2016

187

118

The study aims to discuss the effects of aging on the male reproductive system. A systematic review was performed using PubMed from 1980 to 2014. Aging is a natural process comprising of irreversible changes due to a myriad of endogenous and environmental factors at the level of all organs and systems. In modern life, as more couples choose to postpone having a child due to various socioeconomic reasons, research for understanding the effects of aging on the reproductive system has gained an increased importance. Paternal aging also causes genetic and epigenetic changes in spermatozoa, which impair male reproductive functions through their adverse effects on sperm quality and count as, well as, on sexual organs and the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis. Hormone production, spermatogenesis, and testes undergo changes as a man ages. These small changes lead to decrease in both the quality and quantity of spermatozoa. The offspring of older fathers show high prevalence of genetic abnormalities, childhood cancers, and several neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, the latest advances in assisted reproductive techniques give older men a chance to have a child even with poor semen parameters. Further studies should investigate the onset of gonadal senesce and its effects on aging men.