The Effects of Macrolides on Inflammatory Cells

Tamaoki, Jun

doi:10.1378/chest.125.2_suppl.41s

Cited by 153 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Macrolides also decrease mucus secretion in the airways (279). The appropriate treatment of neonates with BPD who are culture positive for Ureaplasma spp.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Treatment For Association Of Ureaplasmas With Bpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas as Neonatal Pathogens

Katz²,

2005

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SUMMARY The genital mycoplasmas represent a complex and unique group of microorganisms that have been associated with a wide array of infectious diseases in adults and infants. The lack of conclusive knowledge regarding the pathogenic potential of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in many conditions is due to a general unfamiliarity of physicians and microbiology laboratories with their fastidious growth requirements, leading to difficulty in their detection; their high prevalence in healthy persons; the poor design of research studies attempting to base association with disease on the mere presence of the organisms in the lower urogenital tract; the failure to consider multifactorial aspects of diseases; and considering these genital mycoplasmas only as a last resort. The situation is now changing because of a greater appreciation of the genital mycoplasmas as perinatal pathogens and improvements in laboratory detection, particularly with regard to the development of powerful molecular nucleic acid amplification tests. This review summarizes the epidemiology of genital mycoplasmas as causes of neonatal infections and premature birth; evidence linking ureaplasmas with bronchopulmonary dysplasia; recent changes in the taxonomy of the genus Ureaplasma; the neonatal host response to mycoplasma and ureaplasma infections; advances in laboratory detection, including molecular methods; and therapeutic considerations for treatment of systemic diseases.

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“…Macrolides also decrease mucus secretion in the airways (279). The appropriate treatment of neonates with BPD who are culture positive for Ureaplasma spp.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Treatment For Association Of Ureaplasmas With Bpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas as Neonatal Pathogens

Katz²,

2005

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“…Long-term macrolide therapy has been shown to improve symptoms, shrink the size of nasal polyps, and decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with CRS, although mainly in small, open-label studies [89][90][91][92]. As with other diseases, the mechanisms behind this beneficial effect are unclear and may relate to the ability of macrolides to inhibit the local host immune response rather than via their antimicrobial properties [93,94].…”

Section: Chronic Rhinosinusitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term macrolide treatment for chronic respiratory disease

2012

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Long-term macrolide treatment was first shown to alter the natural history of diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) in the late 1980s. Since then, macrolides have been demonstrated to exert antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory activity in addition to being antimicrobial. Indeed, their spectrum of action extends to the regulation of leukocyte function and production of inflammatory mediators, control of mucus hypersecretion, resolution of inflammation and modulation of host defence mechanisms. As such, the potential benefit of macrolide antibiotics has been evaluated in a variety of chronic respiratory diseases. The best studied condition is cystic fibrosis, of which there have been six randomised controlled trials showing evidence of benefit. However, most of the studies were limited by small numbers of patients and short follow-up. More recently, landmark studies have demonstrated the efficacy of azithromycin in reducing the risk of acute exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but the optimal duration and dosing of macrolide treatment remain uncertain.With the exception of patients with DPB and cystic fibrosis, until clear evidence of efficacy is available, the long-term use of macrolides should be limited to highly selected patients after careful evaluation of benefit and harm, or in the context of randomised controlled clinical trials. @ERSpublications Several studies evaluating macrolide antibiotics for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases are underway

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“…Macrolides appear to inhibit NO production by blocking NOS expression in rats. As a high level of NO has been associated with inflammation, NO inhibition may be one of multiple anti-inflammatory mechanisms of macrolides [91] [92]. Also tenoxicam-treated patients had a significant decrease in nitrite levels [93].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Some Antibiotics in Curing Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Infection

El-Banna¹,

El-Aziz²,

El-Mahdy³

et al. 2015

JBM

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There is growing interest in re-evaluation of older antibiotics with the wide spread of pathogen resistance, especially gram negative bacteria, which impair treatment of some infections. In contrast various studies have reported that some antibiotics have efficacy in clearing resistant bacterial infections. On account of that it was interesting to evaluate the efficacy of erythromycin, chloramphenicol and/or tenoxicam in curing and/or relieving wound infection of highly resistant Escherichia coli and investigate the possible mechanisms beyond their antibacterial activity. This was achieved through evaluating highly resistant E. coli strains in vitro using agar dilution and in vivo rat models of E. coli infected wound and acute inflammation by carrageenin, where possible mechanisms were evaluated through measuring immunological mediators and histopathological examination. This study revealed that in vivo, erythromycin alone or in combination with tenoxicam significantly improved the healing of infected skin wounds with E. coli irresspective of resistancy in vitro. In addition to the improvement of immunological mediators involved in inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and in cytokines expression as response to the bacterial infection in vivo. On the other hand chloramphenicol neither alone nor in combination with tenoxicam, achieved any significant effect. Tenoxicam didn't show antimicrobial activity alone nor in combination with tested antibiotics in vitro, but it has shown synergestic activity in combination with tested antibiotics in vivo. Thus we concluded that immunomodulatory activity of erythromycin through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects was the possible mechanisms by which this antibiotic had healed infection with resistant E. coli in vivo, despite its resistancy to this antibiotic in vitro.

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The Effects of Macrolides on Inflammatory Cells

Cited by 153 publications

References 26 publications

Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas as Neonatal Pathogens

Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas as Neonatal Pathogens

Long-term macrolide treatment for chronic respiratory disease

Efficacy of Some Antibiotics in Curing Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Infection

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The Effects of Macrolides on Inflammatory Cells

Cited by 153 publications

References 26 publications

Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas as Neonatal Pathogens

Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas as Neonatal Pathogens

Long-term macrolide treatment for chronic respiratory disease

Efficacy of Some Antibiotics in Curing Resistant &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; Infection

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Product

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Efficacy of Some Antibiotics in Curing Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Infection