The effects of low metal levels on a clonal hydroid

Stebbing, A.R.D.

doi:10.1017/s0025315400021020

Cited by 79 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…These are, for example, larvae of oysters and crustaceans or fish embryos, which are considerably more sensitive to heavy metals than are the reproductive adult stages. Marine hydroid polyps also respond sensitively to heavy metals (Karbe, 1972;Stebbing, 1976;Fischer, 1978): e. g. Laomedea loveni responds even to cadmium concentrations in the low #g 1-1 range (Scholz et al, 1978;Theede et al, 1979b). However, experimental determination of tolerance limits must take abiotic environmental factors into account, because they may be of importance for in-situ survival, especially in estuaries and coastal areas (Eisler, 1971;Olson & Harrel, 1973;von Westernhagen et al, 1974;Jones, 1975;Rosenberg & Costlow, 1976;Sullivan, 1977;Voyer et al, 1977;Weis & Weis, 1978;Lehnberg & Theede, 1979;Theede et al, 1979b).…”

Section: Effects Of Environmental Factors On Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses of estuarine animals to cadmium pollution

Theede

1980

Helgolander Meeresunters

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Toxic effects of cadmium contamination may be observed at all levels of organismic organization. In estuarine areas the sensitivity of euryhaline species to acute Cd toxicity is strongly modified by various abiotic factors, whereas long-term threshold values are less dependent on environmental parameters. Experiments with larval stages of the mollusc Mytilus edulis reveal that Cd effects on life functions such as development and growth are differentially modified by temperature and salinity. High Cd concentrations can be accumulated by adult bivaives of coastal areas without signs of physiological damage. Mechanisms of heavy-metal detoxication in these molluscs seem to be quite different from those known to exist in vertebrates. Among decapod crustaceans, stenoecous species tend to exhibit higher rates of Cd uptake than euryoecous ones.Rates of Cd uptake and of accumulation depend on external and internal factors. In adult Nereis succinea individuals sublethal Cd effects have been recorded on growth and food conversion (in terms of energy content).

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Section: Effects Of Environmental Factors On Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses of estuarine animals to cadmium pollution

Theede

1980

Helgolander Meeresunters

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“…In earlier work with the colonial hydroid Campanularia (Laomedea) flexuosa, we considered the growth of colonies exposed to various toxic inhibitors (Stebbing, 1976). Initially, mean growth rates over entire experiments (1 1 d) were used to determine concentration-response curves and threshold concentrations were derived from them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Growth Control in a Marine Yeast Subjected to Perturbation

Stebbing¹,

Norton²,

Brinsley³

1984

Microbiology

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Normalized specific growth rates of cultures of the yeast Rhodotorula rubra apparently indicate the activity of a growth control mechanism, when growth is perturbed with low concentrations of a toxic inhibitor (cadmium). Data from a number of experiments, in which different cadmium concentrations were used, indicate non-linear growth control dynamics and some features of a model structure, but do not permit it to be defined. Interpretation of the oscillatory behaviour as the response of a control mechanism to perturbation suggests that inhibition of mean growth rates, indicated by a threshold on dose-response curves, is due to overloading of the control mechanism or 'saturation'. Hormesis, the tendency of subinhibitory levels of typically toxic agents to stimulate growth, is a consequence of transient or sustained overcorrections by the control mechanism to low levels of an inhibitory stimulus.

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“…This work is a development of a bioassay technique, using a clonal hydroid {Campanu-laria flexuosa), which was intended primarily to study contaminants of sea water at levels comparable to those found in polluted estuaries (Stebbing, 1976). Sensitivity to low metal levels was achieved using the mean colonial growth rate over 11-day periods as an index of response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Karbe (1972) has shown that this process also occurs when a stress is induced experimentally with toxic concentrations of metal ions. Degeneration is inevitably preceded by a slowing in colonial growth rate, which is the index of response we have been using in our allied study on metal toxicity (Stebbing, 1976). Degenerative processes in other organisms often involve autolysis by lysosomal hydrolases (Miller & Wolfe, 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quantitative cytochemical effects of three metal ions on a lysosomal hydrolase of a hydroid

Moore

Stebbing

1976

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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(Plate I, The quantitative effects of Cu 8+ , Cd 2+ and Hg 2+ on the cytochemical staining reaction for lysosomal N-acetyl-/?-D-glucosaminidase have been determined and related to the inhibitory effects of the metals on colonial growth rate in the experimentally cultured hydroid Campanularia flexuosa. Cytochemical threshold concentrations are comparable to known environmental levels and are about one order of magnitude lower than those obtained by measuring colony growth rates.Pretreatment of colonies with Cu z+ gave no indication of tolerance adaptation, although there is evidence of the cumulative toxicity of Cu 2+ and the possible sequestration of this metal in endodermal cell lysosomes. There is also an indication that the Cu 2+ may exert its toxic effect by decreasing the stability of the lysosomal membranes, thus increasing the level of free glucosaminidase activity. INTRODUCTIONIt is known that vertebrate lysosomes can sequester and concentrate metal ions including copper, mercury (and organic mercurials), lead, zinc, tellurium, iron, nickel, silver and plutonium

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The effects of low metal levels on a clonal hydroid

Cited by 79 publications

References 75 publications

Physiological responses of estuarine animals to cadmium pollution

Physiological responses of estuarine animals to cadmium pollution

Dynamics of Growth Control in a Marine Yeast Subjected to Perturbation

The quantitative cytochemical effects of three metal ions on a lysosomal hydrolase of a hydroid

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