The effects of low concentrations of the enantiomers of mushroom alcohol (1-octen-3-ol) onArabidopsis thaliana

Abstract

“Mushroom alcohol,” or 1-octen-3-ol, is a common fungal volatile organic compound (VOC) that has been studied for its flavor properties, its effects on fungal spore germination, mushroom development, and as a signaling agent for insects. Far less is known about its effects on plants. We exposed Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, under conditions conducive to germination, to high (10 and 100 mg/1) and low concentrations (1, 2, and 3 mg/1) of racemic, S, and R forms of 1-octen-3-ol for 3 days. In addition, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week-old A. thaliana plants also were exposed to 1 mg/1 of the compounds for the same period of time. Seedling formation was retarded with all tested levels of exposure to 1-octen-3-ol for both enantiomers and the racemer, while 95% of unexposed control seeds germinated to seedling within 3 days. There was a dose-dependent response in the reduction of seedling formation between 1 mg/1 and 3 mg/1 of exposure. When exposed seeds were removed from the VOC, nearly all resumed germination. Young plants exposed to 1 mg/1 of the R and S enantiomers of 1-octen-3-ol exhibited a mild inhibition of growth and chlorophyll production at 2 and 3 weeks but not at 4 weeks.

Effects of Three Volatile Oxylipins on Colony Development in Two Species of Fungi and on Drosophila Larval Metamorphosis

“…In cases where it has been studied, the R enantiomer is frequently the more active component. For example, the R form is somewhat more effective in retarding Arabidopsis seed germination, seedling, and vegetative growth [29]. Conversely, in human embryonic stem cells, (S)-(?…”

TheStreptomycesvolatile 3-octanone alters auxin/cytokinin and growth inArabidopsis thalianavia the gene familyKISS ME DEADLY

“…Trichoderma-produced 3-octanone have been shown to promote growth of plants such as A. thaliana and willow (30,31). In contrast, 1octen-3-ol induces defense responses in A. thaliana, suppresses growth and development of fungi and reduces growth, chlorophyll accumulation and seed germination in A. thaliana (32)(33)(34). The bioactive C8 compounds share structural similarities with the defense regulators C9 oxylipins, both being derived from linoleic acid (35).…”

Common gas phase molecules from fungi affect seed germination and plant health in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…All volatile exposure tests were done with Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia 7. Surface-sterilization of seeds and seedling formation studies were conducted as described previously with slight modifications (Hung et al [ 2013 ]). Surface sterilized seeds were sown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with vitamins, 3% sucrose, and 0.3% Gellan Gum Powder (G 434 PhytoTechnology Laboratories, Shawnee Mission, KS).…”

“…The germination and vegetative exposure to VOCs were determined using the methods described previously (Hung et al [ 2014 ]; Lee et al [ 2014 ]). Seeds (in Petri plates) or two-week-old plants (in individual test tubes) were exposed in one liter culture vessels (see Additional file 1 ).…”