The Effects of Long Working Hours on Mental Health Among Resident Physicians in Saudi Arabia

Bondagji, Daniah; Fakeerh, Mutaz; Alwafi, Hassan; Khan, Adeel Ahmed

doi:10.2147/prbm.s370642

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Physician's quality of life is affected by long working hours. Residents who worked for more than 64 hours per week are three times more likely to experience phycological problems compared to residents working up to 40 hours per week (48). It is correlated with our study which shows a higher level of anxiety and depression among senior residents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Factors Affecting Anxiety and Depression Among Pediatric Residents in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia

Setyoningrum¹,

Nugroho²,

Pandango³

et al. 2023

IJRP

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Background: Residency program, including pediatric residency, has long been considered stressful and for some students, depressing. Many studies have shown that depression or emotional impairment in resident physicians is more common than that in the general population, about 29% and increased with each year of training. Nearly half of the depressed residents seemed unaware of their condition. Knowing the cause and risk of mental health problem during medical training is important for informing efforts to prevent, treat, and identify.Objective: This study aim to analyze factors affecting anxiety and depression among pediatric residents in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, to minimize its effect towards residents' mental health. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was performed on pediatric residents in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. We collected resident's demographic data (age, sex, marital status, parental status, number of children, and duration of work experience before residency), as well as Beck Anxiety, Beck Depression, and Likert Scale Questionnaire on how residents feel about their academic burden, non-academic burden, and patients-related duties, were all taken using an online questionnaire. The comparison and correlation of data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests. The difference will be considered significant if the p-value<0.05, and a strong correlation will be considered if r>0.5. Results: Higher BDI score was found in female residents (37.95; P=0.008), and unmarried residents (41.39; P=0.025). Age was negatively correlated with BAI (R = -0.281; P = 0.021;) and also BDI (R = -0.273; P = 0.025). Duration of work experience before residency period was also negatively correlated with BAI (R = -0.334; P = 0.005) and BDI (R = -0.308; P = 0.011). Meanwhile, Likert Scale on how residents feel about their academic burden was positively correlated with BAI (R = 0.26; P=0.033; and BDI (R = 0.257; P = 0.036). Conclusion:Female and unmarried residents have significantly higher BDI. Age and duration of work experience were negatively correlated with both BAI and BDI. Academic burden was positively correlated with BAI and BDI

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Factors Affecting Anxiety and Depression Among Pediatric Residents in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia

Setyoningrum¹,

Nugroho²,

Pandango³

et al. 2023

IJRP

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“…With a population of 454 surgeons in Makkah hospitals and estimating the prevalence of depression to be 20% [ 14 ], therefore the sample size to be no less than 150 participants was required to gain a 95% confidence interval (i.e., that the obtained rate was within ±5%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxiety was prevalent among 39.5%, whereas depression was prevalent in 20.9%. The amount of sleep, exposure to injustice, and working more than 64 hours per week were significantly related to an increase in the risk of noticing greater levels of mental illness [ 14 ]. Another study was conducted in Makkah city among a sample of 100 doctors, 68% of whom were men, who worked in the emergency room of a hospital.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders Among Surgical Doctors in Public Hospitals in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Hariri¹,

Bawahab²,

Banoon³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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BackgroundDepression and anxiety are among the most prevalent illnesses worldwide. Although depression affects many individuals throughout their lives, physicians are at a heightened risk of developing the disorder due to their high-stress levels and enormous responsibilities. The study aimed to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders among surgical doctors in Makkah city hospitals as well as the risk factors. MethodsAnalytical cross-sectional research was performed at all public hospitals in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. The Arabic version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used as the screening tool. ResultsOf the 153 surgeons, 47.1% were Saudis, 81.7% were men, and 46.7% were residents. A personal history of anxiety or depression was apparent among 11.8% of the surgeons, while 4.6% had a family history of a mental disorder. Based on the HADS questionnaire responses, the prevalence rate of anxiety was 30.7%, and 27.5% of the surgeons had depression. Based on the univariate regression analysis, anxiety was significantly linked with being a participant in the Saudi Board program (p=0.010), working for more than nine hours (p=0.020), and having work-related stress (p=0.011 for moderate stress and p=0.001 for severe stress) as well as related to those who were rarely or never satisfied with their income (p=0.016 and p=0.047, respectively) and who was rarely satisfied with their career (p=0.019). Depression among surgeons was significantly linked with the age of 50 to 59 (p=0.023) as well as related to those who were usually satisfied with their career (p=0.022) and those with moderate work-related stress (p=0.016). ConclusionPsychological disorders such as depression and anxiety are prevalent among surgeons. They should be appropriately evaluated at regular intervals throughout life, especially during residency programs, to ensure physical and mental well-being, appropriate training exposure, and patient safety.

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“…The strong association between long working hours at the physician's main hospital and severe depressive symptoms and thoughts of death or suicide is in agreement with several previous studies. 33 , 34 Compromised sleep duration and work‐life balance are involved in the mechanism by which long work hours lead to depression. 35 Longer working hours make it harder to get enough sleep, 36 and the circadian rhythm is disrupted by a shifting of the timing of sleep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strong association between long working hours at the physician's main hospital and severe depressive symptoms and thoughts of death or suicide is in agreement with several previous studies. 33,34 and work-life balance are in the mechanism by which long work hours lead to depression. 35 Longer working hours make it harder to get enough sleep, 36 and the circadian rhythm is disrupted by a shifting of the timing of sleep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working hours, side work, and depressive symptoms in physicians: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan

Okawara

Ishimaru

Yoshikawa

et al. 2022

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives Long working hours in Japan is a social concern. This is also true for the working hours of physicians, who often do side work in addition to working at their main hospital. New physician work regulations to be implemented in Japan require work‐hour management, including side work. This study examined the association between physicians' overtime and side work hours and their health outcomes. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional study using data from a survey of working physicians conducted by the Japan Medical Association from 2021 to 2022. Questionnaires completed by 2906 full‐time working physicians aged 24–69, excluding junior resident doctors, were analyzed. Depressive symptoms and the presence of thoughts of death or suicide using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology ‐ Japanese version was used to assess health outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was performed using overtime at the main place of employment and side work hours as exposure factors. Results Both depressive symptoms and thoughts of death or suicide increased in the group with longer overtime hours at the main place of work. A similar tendency was observed for side work but adjusting for overtime hours eliminated the association. In other words, total working hours had an impact on health, regardless of whether overtime work at the main place of employment or side work. Conclusions Despite the existence of multiple hurdles to managing working hours, including side work, the working environment for physicians needs to be improved to protect their health and quality of medical care.

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The Effects of Long Working Hours on Mental Health Among Resident Physicians in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Factors Affecting Anxiety and Depression Among Pediatric Residents in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia

Factors Affecting Anxiety and Depression Among Pediatric Residents in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia

Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders Among Surgical Doctors in Public Hospitals in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Working hours, side work, and depressive symptoms in physicians: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan

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