The effects of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil and plant Nitrogen-Carbon contents

Abstract

Soil and crop management such as chemical fertilizer applications hurt the soil’s biological quality and productivity. The most well-known organic fertilizer such as animal manure, compost and mycorrhizal fungi are significantly contributing to soil organic carbon sink and consequently, organic fertilizers have a positive effect on the soil biological diversity and productivity. To increase soil carbon content, long-term organic fertilizer applications increase soil carbon budget hypothesis was tested under field conditions. The aim is to investigate the effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizer applications on the soil and wheat plant carbon and nitrogen content. A long-term field experiment was established in 1996 until the present time. In 2018, before cultivation control, Mineral fertilizer (NPK), Animal manure (25 ton ha-1), Compost (25 ton ha-1) and Compost+Mycorrhiza (10 ton ha-1) were applied. Adana-99 varieties of wheat seeds were sown. After harvest, soil and plant samples were taken and soil-plant carbon-nitrogen analyses were made. Results show that C % and N % contents of the plant seed, shoot, and root have higher concentrations than that of the control treatment. When the TC %, OC %, and N % contents of the soil at different depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) and in the rhizosphere (R) and no rhizosphere (NR) area were examined, compost and animal manure treatments have higher content. At the rhizosphere area 0-15 cm depth the soil % OC, and % IC contents were statistically significant. The highest values of soil OC %, C: N and IC % contents at Rhizosphere 0-15 cm depth were obtained in animal manure with 2.94 %, 10.06, and 3.90 % respectively. Organic fertilizers application increased soil TC %, OC % and N% contents as well as contribute to the carbon and nitrogen budget. The results found support our hypothesis.

Under Long -Term Field Experiment The Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Application on Maize Growth and Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration

“…It was also reported by (Chirinda et al, 2012) that the root C was higher in spring barley and wheat than in organic fertilizer-based inorganic systems. Also preciously (Aksahin et al, 2021) in the same field experiment conditions, animal manure, compost and com+myorriza treated plants C and N concentrations were higher than in control application. The information obtained and the literature support each other.…”

“…Increasing microbial activity is very important for plant and soil health. Increasing the amount of organic carbon in the soil has a positive effect on plant growth, and as a result, it is extremely important to reduce the atmospheric CO2 concentration (Aksahin et al, 2021). Long-term application of organic fertilizers to the soil instead of mineral fertilization can increase the microbial activity of the soils and will also add organic carbon to the soils.…”

“…Furthermore, the soils have been more intensively used and remain under the pressure of chemical fertilizers in order to increase agricultural production. Intensive agricultural practices and uncontrolled application of fertilizers negatively affected soil microbial activity and soil productivity (Aksahin et al, 2021). Intensive exploitation of agricultural lands not only has a negative effect on sustainability but also reduces the amount of organic matter in the soil, thus increases the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere.…”

“…The well-known organic fertilizers such as animal manure, compost and mycorrhizal fungi, make substantial contributions to the incorporation of organic materials into the soil. Consequently, they have a positive impact on soil carbon sequestration and the enhancement of soil fertility (Aksahin et al, 2021).…”

The Effect of Different Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation and Biochar Application on the Growth of Broad Bean Plant and Carbon Sequestration under Different Irrigation Levels

“…In response to population growth, the demand for food is expected to double, and the consumption of drinking water and agricultural irrigation water is expected to increase. In addition, the increasing world population day by day has a significant impact on soils ability to provide the amount of food necessary for human nutrition (Akşahin et al, 2019). As a renewable natural resource, water ranks first among the strategic resources in the world in the 21st century.…”